الفهرس 
Physiology of PregnancyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Abstract
Introduction Nausea and vomiting are among the cardinal symptoms of early pregnancy, recognized as such since at least the time of Hippocrates. In contemporary Western societies, an estimated 50% to 80% of pregnant women experience nausea and/or vomiting during the first trimester of pregnancy. The problem is generally time-limited, with onset about the fifth week after the last menstrual period (LMP), a peak at 8 to 12 weeks, and resolution by 16 to 18 weeks for most women; approximately 5% of women will have symptoms throughout pregnancy Conclusion. Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) is a debilitating condition affecting many pregnant women. Up to 90% of pregnant women will experience NVP of varying severity, with symptoms generally starting around 4–9 weeks of gestation, peaking around the 7th to 12th week, and subsiding by the 16th week. NVP symptoms will appear prior to ten weeks of gestation; women who experience NVP symptoms for the first time after 10 weeks, may be experiencing nausea and vomiting due to other medical conditions. The diagnosis of NVP is clinical in nature, and although other causes of persistent nausea, retching and/or vomiting are rarely encountered, failure to distinguish them from NVP can result in serious complications. Generally it has been observed that women who experience NVP have better pregnancy outcomes than those who don’t, and women who use antiemetics appear to have better pregnancy outcomes than women with NVP who don’t receive treatment. One explanation for this is that women who use antiemetics, tend to experience severe NVP which may be associated with a more robust placenta secreting high levels of hCG hormones; thus the better outcome for the antiemetic group of women could be attributed to the placenta itself and not so much the therapy.
Key words: Helicobacter ,Human chorionic gonadotropin; ,Hyperemesis gravidarum , Immunoglobulin .