الفهرس 
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Abstract
Effect of Momordica charantia Fruit Extracts Against Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Rats
Fatma Mohamed Mousa
Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University
Abstract
Background & Aim: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is regarded as one of the most life- threatening cancers, as it is the fifth most common tumor and the third reason for its death worldwide. A doubling in the HCC incidence rate has been detected in Egypt in the latest 10 years, because of several environmental and host-related risk factors. Treatment for this cancer involved combinations of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, however their effectiveness is limited because of their side effects, therefore alternative therapies are now emerging, depending on nutrition. Therefore, the object of the present work was pursued to estimate the preemptive and therapeutic influences of the most efficient extract(s) of Momordica charantia (MEMC) whole fruit on liver tumorigenesis induced by diethylnitrosamine (DENA) in rats, in an attempt to prevent, reverse or restrict the cancer development and thwart its metastasis and angiogenesis. The experimental design: Six sets of male western albino rats, with 10 animals in each group, were established as follows: Control group was administered vehicle only, DENA group was administered the carcinogen, MEMC group was administered the MEMC only, after-treated group was administered the carcinogen and then the extract consecutively, simultaneous-treated group was administered the extract altogether with the carcinogen simultaneously and before-treated group was administered the extract before DENA. Results: The biochemical parameters such as ALT, AST, ALP, AFP, COX-2, VEGF, Casp-3, Casp-8, HDAC, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were evaluated and their levels increased significantly in consequence of DENA, except Casp-3 and Casp-8 levels where their levels decreased significantly in consequence of DENA. Administration of the MEMC in after-, simultaneous- and before-treated groups caused a significant decrease in such parameters when compared with DENA group, except Casp-3 and Casp-8 levels where their levels increased significantly in consequence of MEMC. This indicated that the present extract has the capacity of suppressing neoplastic alteration by maintaining AFP status, inhibiting inflammation, halting angiogenesis, stimulating apoptosis, prohibiting tumor growth and arresting matrix degradation and subsequently the tumor invasiveness and metastasis with improvement in the histopathological alterations. Furthermore, the present extract had more protective action than therapeutic action as its action on almost all parameters is more effective in before-treated group than both after- and simultaneous-treated groups. Conclusion: The current extract might be a promising candidate for being a chemopreventive substance versus both the liver tumorigenesis and the disease progression, but this vital extract could have more prophylactic action than therapeutic action.
Keywords: Hepatocellular carcinoma, Diethylnitrosamine, Momordica charantia, Inflammation, Angiogenesis, Apoptosis, Metastasis.