الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Heavy metals are chemical elements with a specific gravity of greater than 5. Most recently, the term ”heavy metal” has been used as a general term for those metals and semimetals with potential human or environmental toxicity. Many of the elements that can be considered heavy metals have no known benefit for human physiology. Lead, cadmium and mercury are prime examples of such ”toxic metals”.
Cadmium is a naturally occurring minor element, one of the metallic components in the earth’s crust and oceans and present every where in our environment. It was first discovered in Germany in 1817 as a by product of the zinc refining process (Embugushiki et al., 2013). Cadmium occurs naturally in the environment from the gradual process of erosion and abrasion of rocks and soils, and from singular events such as forest fires and volcanic eruptions. It occurs in nature in association with zinc and lead, so extraction and processing of these metals often leads to environmental contamination with cadmium, it is therefore naturally present everywhere in air, water, soils
Botanical medicines have been applied for the treatment of various human diseases with thousands ofyears ofhistory in Asia and are sharing a large market in the form of drugs, dietary supplements, and foods. In the west, botanical medicines are categorized as complementary/alternative medicines, dietary supplements, or foods
Ginseng, referred to as the root of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Araliaceae), is one of the most valuable medicinal plants, particularly in Korea, China, and Japan (Yun, 2001). Ginseng has been used as a valuable tonic and for the treatment of various diseases (Yun, 2001 and Park et al., 2005). Traditionally, ginseng has been processed to make white ginseng (air-drying after harvest) and red ginseng (steaming or heat process) to enhance its preservation and efficacy. In which, red ginseng is more common as an herbal medicine than white ginseng because steaming induces changes in the chemical constituents and enhances the biological activities of ginseng (Park et al., 2005). The pharmacological properties of ginseng are mainly attributed to ginseng saponins, commonly called ginsenoisdes, the major and bioactive constituents. The ginseng and ginsenosides suppression pharmacological activities by different mechanisms and pathways in vitro, in vivo, and clinical models, having been well documented. There are hundreds of research papers as well as extensive reviews spotlighted on individual topics, that is, cardiovascular (Karmazyn et al., 2011), central nervous (Radad et al., 2006) and immune systems (Lee and Lau, 2011 ). The two group of ginseng found in organic extract while the aqueous extract contains polysaccharides predominantly, in the context of diabetic complications, it is possible that Korean red ginseng through its antioxidant effects, may prevent glucose-induced damage (Sena et al., 2011).Park et al. (2013) indicatedit well known that ginseng is an antagonist that moderates the toxic effects of many heavy metals such as cadmium, arsenic, mercury, and lead in various organisms.