الفهرس 
Incidence and RiskFactors ofRecurrentRectalOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Recurrent rectal cancer may be classified as local recurrence within the pelvis, metachronous distant metastases or combination of both.
Locally recurrent rectal cancer (LRRC) is defined as an intrapelvic recurrence following a primary rectal cancer resection, with or without distal metastasis. The treatment of LRRC remains a clinical challenge. LRRC has been regarded as an incurable disease state leading to a poor quality of life and a limited survival time. However, curative reoperations have proved beneficial for treating LRRC. A complete resection of recurrent tumors (R0 resection) allows the treatment to be curative rather than palliative, according to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). In LRRC cases, the difficulty of achieving an R0 resection is associated with the post-operative prognosis and is affected by several clinical factors, including the staging of the local recurrence (LR), accompanying symptoms, patterns of tumors and combined therapy. This rate may be improved by adding intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) to the treatment plan.
Keywords: rectal cancer, local recurrence, patterns of recurrence, risk factors, prognosis.