الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract Gram-positive cocci especially staphylococcal, streptococcal and enterococcal species are considered troublesome nosocomial opportunistic pathogens for health care institutions around world particularly with increasing resistance of such species t o many commonly used antibiotics and the continual emerging of multi - drug resistant strains. The current study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of resistance to antimicrobial agents and the most common resistance mechanisms, particularly macr olides (azalides) and lincosamides resistance among Staphylococcus , Streptococcus and Enterococcus local isolates. A total of 705 clinical samples were collected from patients in Surgical Intensive Care Units (ICUs), Urology Department, Ear, Nose and Thro at Department (ENT) of Zagazig University Hospitals, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt. The collected specimens comprised: 110 respiratory tract specimens (throat swabs and endotracheal aspirate tubes), 270 surgical wound swabs and 325 urine samples. The specimens w ere used for isolation of staphylococci, enterococci and streptococci. The samples yielded 132 (18.7%) enterococcal isolates, 129 (18.3%) staphylococcal isolates and 59 (8.4%) streptococcal isolates. The isolates were identified to species level based on s tandard microbiological methods. The susceptibility profiles of staphylococcal, enterococcal and streptococcal isolates to different antimicrobial agents were determined. Staphylococcal isolates showed very high resistance rates to penicillin G (93%), amox icillin/clavulanic acid (88%), amoxicillin (88%), oxacillin (83%), ampicillin/sulbactam (78%), cephradine (78%), gentamicin (76%- erythromycin (70%), ceforuxime (69%), doxycycline (66%), tobramycin (64%), cefoperazone (62%) and cefepime (60%). High percen tages of resistance were found for ciprofloxacin (58%), azithromycin (57%), clarithromycin (47%), rifampin (45%), lincomycin (45%), clindamycin (44%), chloramphenicol (40%), sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (36%) and spiramycin (36%). The lowest percentages of resistance were found for imipenem (3.9%) while no resistance was detected for vancomycin and teicoplanin) |