الفهرس 
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Abstract
Wheat is one of the most important nutritive cereal crops in Egypt in terms of the planted area and crop production. Leaf rust disease is considered the most common widely distributed of the three rusts of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the world and has become more serious problems of wheat, causing great losses in grain yield. Objectives: The main objective of this work was directed to survey of leaf rust disease of wheat in Egypt, evaluate wheat genotypes against the disease, physiological specialization of Puccinia triticina, yield losses in addition to evaluate plant extracts, fulvic acid and chemicals fungicides for controlling the disease. Methods and results The present investigation was carried out at the greenhouse and the experimental farm of Wheat Diseases Division, Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Agric. Res. Center, Egypt during 2011/12 and 2012/13 growing seasons. The obtained results showed that pathotype BBBB (16.19 and 12.50%) was the most frequent during both seasons, respectively. Also, this pathotype was the least virulent pathotypes while TTTT was the most virulent pathotype during both seasons. As for, The Lr genes, 19, 46 and 47 were resistant at seedling and adult stages. Seven wheat cultivars, i.e. Sakha 94, Gemmieza 10, Giza 168, Sids 12, Sids 13, Misr 1 and Misr 2 showed highly resistant at seedling and adult stages. Accordingly, the high yield components i.e.1000 kernel weight and yield/plot recorded with these cultivars. As for the controlling, Neem treatment was the most effective in reducing spore germination followed by fulvic acid, clove and Brazilian peper in vitro and greenhouse studies. The trend was noticed in the field expermints. Moreover, seven chemical fungicides i.e. Crown 25, Opera 18.30, Buch 40, Punch 40, Tilt 25, Eminent 12.50 and Sumi-eight 5 showed high efficacy for controlling leaf rust infection.Conclusion Genetic resistance is the most economic and effective means of reducing disease and yield losses. However, breeding disease resistance genotypes is a continuous process, and plant breeders need to add new effective resistance genes, i.e. Lr19, Lr46 and Lr47 to their breeding materials because of the dynamic change of leaf rust races which can breakdown the resistance. Also, the author advice using neem and Opera in controlling of leaf rust.