الفهرس 
lying behaviourOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The present study included tow experiments. The first one was conducted at the research unit for animal behaviour, belonging to the faculty of agriculture, Minufiya University, Shebin El-kom, Egypt to develop some integrated parameters to assess animal‘s on-farm welfare using multiple criteria. The buffalo herd studied consists of a total numbers of 53 animals distributed according to production status and its age. Animals were kept in closed housing system in tie-stall barn with hard surface. Machine milking was performed twice daily using portable, milking machine. Buffaloes were video recorded for 72 h. /month with a total observation time of 864 hours for each animal using complete digital behavioural observation unit, which consists of 4 digital observation camera, digital storage unit and control unit. Continuous observation methods were used to record the activity patterns of each animal during observation periods. Data were analyzed using SPSS program version 10, (1999).