الفهرس 
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Abstract
The Problem: Iraq has had a rich Jewish culture and history. Indeed, Jews settled there for more than two thousand years. In the late 1950s, however, with the mass immigration from Arab countries due to the political situation, Iraqi Jews left or rather had to leave Iraq for the State of Israel. When they encountered this new society, where Hebrew was in the process of being established as the national language, most Iraqi Jewish authors found it impossible to continue writing in Arabic in their new home and thus had to face the literary challenge of switching to another tongue in order to be heard. This complex situation constitutes the historical background of this dissertation. The Objectives of the Study: The main aim of the study is to investigate the style of Iraqi Jewish authors with regard to their use of Arabic in some of their Hebrew novels. The project focuses on works by three Iraqi Jewish authors: Sami Michael (born in Baghdad in 1926), Shimon Ballas (born in Baghdad in 1930) and Eli Amir (born in Baghdad in 1937). It explores the influence of Arabic language and culture on their Hebrew writings. This influence, as the dissertation argues, was primarily the result of a literary phenomenon that exists in the context of bilingualism, namely ‘exophonic writing’, defined as composing literary texts in the non-mother tongue. Division of the study: The research is divided into Introduction, five main chapters, and two annexes: 1. Arabic and Hebrew in one text: Early potentials, current perspective. 2. Stylistics: an approach to exophonic texts. 3. Stylistic analysis of Arabic use in the Iraqi Jewish Hebrew novels. 4.The style of Arabic use between authors and novels. 5. Iraqi Jewish authors between Iraq and Israel. Annex 1: The list of Arabic lexical items with frequencies. Annex 2: The list of Arabic lexical items according to semantic fields. Results of the study: The project extracted nearly 2,000 uses of Arabic in the texts. In all nine novels, nouns were used more frequently than any other parts of speech. Nouns in Arabic are embedded in all of the Hebrew novels and 59% of the Arabic extracts from the books are nouns. Verbs and adjectives appear in equal number and constitute only 5% of the embedded codes in the Hebrew texts. They come in the fourth place after particles and interjections, which comprise 12% and 14% of the uses of Arabic respectively. The sum of examples of Hard-Accessed Code-Switching (HA-CS) in the novels as a whole is 1,255, whereas the total number of Easy-Accessed Code-Switching (EA-CS) examples is only 161. This means that of the total number of Arabic codes found in the nine Hebrew novels, 88.6% are HA-CS and 11.4% are EA-CS. In all the novels, HA-CS is the type of code most commonly used. This indicates the extent to which the Arabic codes, which are combined in sentences or stand alone as lexical items, might be difficult to access or even sometimes indecipherable for an Israeli reader who is not familiar with Arabic language and culture.