الفهرس 
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Abstract
The capability of thermal remote sensing in monitoring waterlogged areas in Ismailia governorate was investigated through soil moisture retrieval. Physiographic map was produced for the study area using a new digital soil mapping technique from DEM generated from 5 topographic maps and showed 7 main landscapes. The landforms for each landscape were identified. A number of 28 soil profiles were dug and descried morphologically also 33 water samples were collected of surface and ground water for evaluation. Several laboratorial analyses were performed to identify the physical and chemical properties of different soils. Three satellite images of landsat 5, 7, and 8 (TM ,ETM+, and TIRS) were used after preprocessing for soil moisture retrieval at three different dates (1998, 2008, and 2015). Soil moisture index (SMI) was produced for each date applying LST in SMI equation. The retrieved SMIs values ranged from 0 to 1. SMI validation was carried out in 2015 using thirty soil samples from the upper 5cm in which actual moisture content was gravimetrically estimated as θm%. Linear regression between actual and retrieved soil moisture revealed a moderate correlation relationship with r = 0.55, and R2 =0.61.Change detection technique was applied in order to monitor the change in the surface soil moisture along two time periods (1998-2008), and (2008-2015). Results indicated that an increase in the soil moisture occurred in about 22.06% of the study area from 1998 to 2008 while about 40.55% showed an increased in the soil moisture from 2008 to 2015.This continuous increase in soil moisture could be prone to the increasing agricultural expansion which led to conversion of sabkhas to water bodies and fish farms.SMI could be an effective tool in mapping waterlogged areas.
Keywords: Remote Sensing, Waterlogging, Digital soil mapping, Soil moisture Index, Change detection, Ismailia Governorate, Egypt.