الفهرس 
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Abstract
Preterm labor is one of the most common problems in pregnancy and it is a major cause of 75 percent of all newborn deaths in babies born without birth defects. br Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with preterm labor. Subject and Methods: A case- control design was selec-#116;ed in carrying out this study and a sample of 208 parturient women (104 with preterm labor being hospitalized or none hospitalized before delivery and 104 with normally vaginal delivery) were recruited for this study. The tools used for data collection were; an interview questionnaire and assessment sheet. Results: The results of this study revealed that (37.5%) were nulligravida, (39.4%) nulliparas, (29.8%) have history of previous preterm labor , previous CS (41.5%) and exposure to stress (71.2%), violence (29.8) were all risk factors for PTL. br Recommendations: the study recommended that early diagnosis of preterm labor, identification of risk factors, adopting recent modalities of diagnoses and management in appropriate setting and with adequate resources may help in better outcome by reducing the fetal-maternal complications. Conclusion: It was concluded that more than one third of PTL women were nulligravida and nullipara. Higher percentage of them was exposed to violence and stress, passive smoking, medical and gynecological problems. PTL had adverse effects on fetal birth outcome lower Apgar score, low birth weight.