الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The civilization of ancient Egypt spread in whole Egypt not only in the Nile valley but also in the oases of the western desert.
In Dakhla oasis there are four main principle gods Tutu of Ismant el-kharab, Amon nakht of Ein Birbyieh, Amon Re of Dier el-Hagar and Seth of Mut el-Kharab.
There are many important scenes in the temples of the Dakhla oasis one of them the Potter`s god of Kellis which reflect the creation theology of ancient Egyptian. Another scene in the same temple is very important of the priests of Kellis that shows different types of costume that worn by priests, and the objects that were being presented as offerings.
The cult of the Thebian triad was spread in Kharga oasis in the temples of Hibis, El-Ghoita, Qasr El-Zayan as main cult consisted of Amon Re, Mut and Khonsu also this cult was known in the temple of Qasr Dush as a secondary cult because the main triad of this temple were Serapis, Isa and Hor.
It was known that the people that settled in the oases relate to their god directly according to the dangerous that surrounded them, but there are second type of the worshippers who were the merchant of the caravans or the voyagers between the oases and Nile valley. At the Roman period appear the third type who were the soldjers of the Roman military who pray to go home safe.
By the end of Baganism christianity spread in the oases witnessed that a number of chapels and churches appear in the oases like the one which located in the site of Ismant el-kharab in area A at Dakhla oasis. Beside the chrisian tombs of el-Dier and tombs of el-Bagawat in Kharga oasis.
Dakhla and Kharga oases witnessed great economical activities:
In agriculture, many crops were grown such as wheat, barley, rice, seasem, onions, olive…
In herding, animal remains comprise a diverse fauna of some of domestic animals such as cow, goat, ass, camel, cheken, duck, goose, dog and other wild animals such as ostrich, gazelle. The domestic animals confirm the herding aspect in the oases.
In trading, the caravan routes that pases through the oases confirm this activity and the number of buildings were built in these routes to collect the taxes from the caravans. Contact existed between the Dakhla and Kharga oases and the Nile Valley in the form of trade and shared material culture.
In manufacture, there was clearly a local pottery and glass industry in the oases confirm this the great number of potters and glass artifacts that were found there especially in Ismant el-Kharab and Mut el-Kharab in Dakhla and in the tombs of el-Dier in Kharga. The oases potters and glass pieces followed contemporary Nile Valley trends.