الفهرس 
? Anatomy and PathophysiologyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Stroke is one of the most common causes of death and is the main cause of persistent and acquired disability in adults worldwide. Considering demographic changes, a further increase in stroke rates is expected. Moreover, stroke is expected to increasingly affect younger patients. The World Health Organization refers to stroke as the incoming epidemic of the 21st century. Therefore, currently, strategies for stroke prevention are of prime importance, particularly with regard to the recent studies suggesting that 85% of all strokes may be preventable.
Carotid endartrectomy is a procedure that prevents stroke in symptomatic patients with high-grade and moderate-grade ICA stenosis of more than 50%. In asymptomatic patients with high-grade stenosis.The benefit is less and highly sensitive to the periprocedure stroke risk. High-risk patients, such as those with comorbid medical conditions, should be considered for CAS if they have high-grade symptomatic stenosis.
The best anesthetic technique for an open carotid endarterectomy is debatable. Having an awake and appropriately responsive patient is clearly the most sensitive monitor of adequate cerebral perfusion, but with respect to the major complications of stroke MI, and death, there is no evidence of advantages of one anesthesia technique over the other. Because of that, several additional outcomes need to be taken into account when choosing the technique.