الفهرس 
الإطار المنهجى للدراسةيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
 |  | from | 365 |  |  |
| | | from | 365 | | |
المستخلص
This study aimed to highlight and describing the communication activities practiced by the Egyptian friendship associations which seek to improve the image of Egypt to the other peoples in the framework of the activities of these associations in the field of public diplomacy to support the efforts of improving such image.
The Community of Study
The community of this study is extended to include the registered associations at the Ministry of Social Solidarity as associations of nation’s friendship as a form of civil society, which plays a major role in the public diplomacy field in all its forms. The study highlighted during Chapter I, the methodological framework of the study, which relied on survey approach; while Chapter II displayed the prospective of public diplomacy and its development all over the world. Then, Chapter III has shown the role of NGOs, in general, in the framework of civil society as one of the most distinguished elements of democracy.
The Study Sample:-
All registered associations has been monitored as associations of friendship in Egypt counted as (55) association as a survey sample of the study, of which (16) associations were responded by interaction to the questionnaire of study and the experience of researcher to work process in these associations.
The Findings:
1. Culture and social motivations were rated at (50 %) of the total motivations of associations, sample of study.
2. The organizational structure for the associations, sample of study, in terms of communication principles has been placed in the first level with a percentage of 44,5%.
3. The associations, sample of study, have shown that cultural communication goals have reached 53.3 % of the total targeted objectives of these associations.
4. Three associations achieved 18.8% have shown the existence of specialized departments for public relation activity. One of these associations held the name of public relation department. Such departments concerned with contacting the internal and external public and the media with the percentage of 71.4%.
5. The associations, sample of study, have explained that the concept of public diplomacy to such entities is a scientific one from the prospect of the event with percentage of 27,3%, while from the prospect of policy of the association, it reached the percentage of 45,5%.
6. The study highlighted that the associations, sample of study, use the means of communication and technologies in the framework of the management of associations to their activity in the field of public diplomacy through direct contact and travel of delegations abroad, as well as the communication of the representatives of various countries with Egypt, reached the percentage of 87.4%. The findings of the study demonstrated that the associations, sample study, did not use the following means with their own percentages:
- Newspapers and publications (50%) - Arab and foreign TV channels (43.8 %- 50%) - Radio stations in foreign languages (50%) - Internet sites (43.7%) - Blogs (67.7%) - Forums (50%) - YouTube (56.2 %)
- The study also displayed the usage of phone, SMS, fax and land line by the associations with the percentage of (50% - 68.7%).
7. The findings of the study showed that the associations use the following means of communication to contact with journalists: such as: mobile phone - landline - Electronic Network - E-mail - Fax - publications - press conferences).
8. The findings of the study showed that the associations use the following means of communication to contact with the public with higher average: mobile phone - landline - Electronic Network - E-mail - Fax - publications).
9. The findings of the study showed that nine associations has website and they permanently update their data and provide the website with pictures, info and various documents.
10. The findings of the study showed that, regarding Facebook, about 33.3% of the associations use it permanently, while 66.7 % of the associations do not update their accounts info. In additions, two associations only that have interaction with the public through Twitter.
- About 55.6% of the associations use E-mail to permanently connect with the public and fulfill their needs.
- About 88.9% of the associations try to connect with the media and take into account the accuracy of the information declared to them and to citizens.
- About 77.8 % of the associations seek to look for logical reasons to communicate and interact with Media through clear mass media.
11. The findings showed that 18.8 % of the associations, sample of study, always deal with the European countries, while 12.5% deal with Arab and Islamic countries permanently in the field of public diplomacy and that 12.5% of the study sample sometimes deal with the Arab states, the matter that signifies the weakness in communication with African countries, Asian countries, Latin America, Australia and New Zealand states.
12. The findings showed that 62.5% of the associations, sample of study, always keep persistence to invite media for official ceremonies such as national days, events, special meetings and seminars held by the association periodically.
- Also, 66.8% of the study sample always used to write letters to the press or radio and television broadcasting stations - the application of diplomatic service goals through the ownership of the techniques practiced by public diplomacy.
13. Regarding the communication procedures used by the associations, in terms of the findings of the study, it was found that 68.8 % of the study sample were directing text messages to the members of an association to gain their support during the issues of the conflict, as well as through inviting the specialized members and leaders of the association to attend press conferences to inform them of the information and the association’s attitude with respect to the issue.
- In additions, the role of the associations’ practices to the communicative activities has been shown as a major role of these associations, with a percentage of 75% of its activities.
- The findings showed that the association’s Board of Directors is 56% responsible for selecting the targeted issue of the associations’ activity in the field of People’s diplomacy, as well as it is entitled to take decisions by 58.3% of the study sample.
14. The findings of the study showed that the associations provide their members with information comes through direct contact reaching the percentage of 60.9 %.
15. The findings showed that the criteria for selecting the members of the association to participate in public the diplomacy activities depends on the following:
The desire to participate in the activities (42.3%) – Experience (34.6%) – Language proficiency (23.1%).
The study also showed
16. Then, the findings of the communicative roles and models in the field of public diplomacy, subject of interest, came as follows:
To establish strong relationships with the local community (100%), to provide the association with specialized communicative skills, and to work with the media (93.8%).
- The most important models of the practices used in the public diplomacy to communicate with the public reached (87.5%), that included seeking a kind of mutual understanding between the association and its audiences, and to permanently establish and tighten the relations with journalists in order to cover the outstanding activities and events for the associations (81.2%).
17- The findings of the associations’ treatment to the issues, subject of dispute, in the area of public diplomacy came through several elements, most of which holding seminars and conferences to explain the viewpoint of associations (38.9%).
18. The findings of the study showed that the most important methods used in the direct meeting of delegations of association with different countries is the contact with the media to explain the topic (27%)- discussion with the country’s leaders (24.35%). In additions, the Conferences and seminars came as the most important means of communication used by the associations to communicate with other countries on the conflict issues.
The findings also showed that the audiences of the associations in their direct communication outside the country are as follows:
Officers-In-Charge – Journalists- similar associations – Parties currents- General audiences - Heads of states – International authorities and institutions - leaders.
- With regard to the means of communication used by the association during its visits to the foreign countries, foreign television stations are included.
- The findings showed that the percentage of the delegations of associations accompanied by the Egyptian media in their visits abroad reached (69.2 %) and that all costs and expenses of the delegations are paid by the donations of the members of the delegations (81.3%) and the host countries (18.7%).
19. The results showed that there is coordination between the associations, the study sample, and other friendship associations with a percentage of 62.5% through various means, most notably, convening common seminars with percentage of (28%).
20. The percentage of associations, sample of study, dealing with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is (47.6 %), and the foreign embassies (42.9%), as well as the percentage of associations that rely on donations from individuals is (60.9%) – government aids, and that the subscriptions of the members of the association (17.4%) for each.