الفهرس 
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Abstract
Activation of EMT programs can provide new insights to the plasticity of cellular phenotypes and possible therapeutic interventions as many therapies have been proposed to act on the receptors or signaling pathways that give rise to EMT.
This work aimed to verify mechanism of induction of epithelial mesenchymal transition by using two different cell lines ; oral mucosa and A549 human lung carcinoma cell line.
Ten female albino rats, each was weighing 175-200 g, were used in this study to provide a source for epithelial cells of oral mucosa as a finite cell line. In addition, A549 human lung carcinoma cell line was used as a transformed continuous cell line.
Cultured Cells used in this study were classified into two groups:
group I (oral mucosa group): This group was further subdivided into three subgroups:
Subgroup Ia: It included cells of primary culture of oral mucosa.
Subgroup Ib: It included subcultured cells of oral mucosa before applying EMT inducer.
Subgroup Ic: It included subcultured cells of oral mucosa after applying EMT inducer.
group II (A549 human lung carcinoma cell line group): This group was further subdivided into two subgroups:
Subgroup IIa: It included cells of A549 human lung carcinoma cell line before applying EMT inducer.
Subgroup IIb: It included cells of A549 human lung carcinoma cell line after applying EMT inducer.
The animals of group I were sacrificed and oral mucosa tissue specimens were cultured by direct explant technique.
Cells used in this study were exposed to EMT inducer that contained EMT inducing factors.
Microscopic examination of the subcultured cells revealed morphological and immunohistochemical changes after EMT induction.
Before EMT induction, oral mucosa cells showed polygonal appearance. The cells were connected to each other via cellular processes and separated with minimal intercellular spaces. Some of them were binucleated. As regards the human lung carcinoma cell line, they appeared as a sheet of polyhedral cells with minimal intercellular spaces. Tiny projections were seen projecting from some cells in intercellular space.
The immunohistochemical study confirmed these results. It revealed a negative reaction for vimentin and positive reaction for E- cadherin in both cell lines.
After EMT induction, some cells of oral mucosa were spindle and stellate, while others were broad with membranous projections.The cells were widely separated. Their cytoplasm showed fibers like structures.
As regards cells of human lung carcinoma cell line, All of them were spindle shaped and revealed promataphase stage of mitosis.
The immunohistochemical study confirmed these results where cells of both cell lines showed a negative reaction for E- cadherin and a positive one for vimentin.