الفهرس 
Introduction and aim of the workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The successful identification of the deceased is vital to the progress of any forensic investigation. Determination of sex and estimation of stature of the individual are of the principal biological traits to be established from skeletal remains. This becomes more difficult if only parts of a skeleton are found or if the bones are compromised by physical insults such as fire, explosions or violence.
Scapula is mostly obtained in intact condition compared to the other bones. Determination of sex and stature using scapular measurements is very useful in medico-legal cases, natural disasters and in certain circumstances in which traditionally used bones of skeleton are either absent or fragmented.
The aim of this study was to determine the presence and degree of sexual dimorphism in the scapula through a quantitative analysis and to examine its potential in sex determination of persons by MDCT. It also aims to derive population specific regression equations to estimate stature from the scapular anthropometry among Egyptian population. The study was done from first of April to the end of December 2015 at Radiology Department of Minia University hospital.
The study was conducted on 100 persons (50 males and 50 females, age ranged from 25 to 64 years). MDCT measurements of the scapula were taken to study sex differences and to estimate stature.
The studied MDCT images had belonged to patients who had thoracic CT for several reasons.
Five measurements of scapula (TLB, HGP, MSL, MSB and MLS) by 3D reconstruction of MDCT images of living persons were taken. Through the use of univariate, mltivariate and stepwise discriminant function analyses procedures for sex determination and Simple, multiple and multiple stepwise linear regression analyses for stature estimation; the objectives of the study have been explored.
The results were tabulated, statistically analyzed and revealed that; the five variables of scapula were significantly greater among males than females. So, there was significant sexual dimorphism in scapula in Egyptian population. The most reliable variable for sex determination from scapula using 3D MDCT of living persons was (HGP) (with 88% accuracy).
The formula obtained by multiple discriminant functional analysis was significant in determination of sex but with an accuracy (85%) which was less than that obtained by single variable (88%).
Using ”stepwise approach” three variables were selected (HGP, MSB and MLS) to predict sex with (85%) accuracy. ROC curve analysis for prediction of male sex revealed that all scapular measurements were significant for prediction of male sex.
Regarding stature estimation the study revealed that there was a significant positive correlation between the person’s height and all scapular measurements in males. While in females, all individual scapular measurement can predict the person’s height except HGP. The most predictable variable was MSL for both sexes.
Using multiple linear regression analysis of the scapular measurements, the current study showed that all scapular measurements in the regression equation were insignificant in predicting the person’s height except MSL in both males and females.
Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the most predictable model for stature in both sexes was MSL with exclusion of other measurements.