الفهرس 
Introduction and aim of the work
Diabetes mellitusOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus which is the most common type of diabetes is characterized by hyperglycemia and caused by a combination of deficiency in insulin action and secretion. Adipose tissue regulates this via the circulating adipocytokines, leptin and adiponectin. Hypoadiponectinemia contributes to the development of obesity and related disorders such as diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. In this study, we investigated the effects of Brazilian Propolis and 2-hydroxychalcone on adiponectin levels and fat deposits in high fat (HF) fed rats, the mechanism of signaling pathway was explored as well. T2DM was induced in male Wistar rats using high fat diet and low dose of streptozotocin (STZ, 35 mg/kg, i.p.). Brazilian Propolis and 2 hydroxychalcone were administered by oral tubes. Serum levels adiponectin , insulin, TNF-alpha and Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARγ) levels in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were determined by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), Antioxidant activities malonaldehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH), Plasma glucose, plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol levels were measured by colorimetric method. Assessments of these parameters were carried out to indicate the activity of Brazilian Propolis and 2-hydroxychalcone in type 2 diabetes mellitus and serum level of adiponectin. Results showed that Brazilian Propolis and 2-hydroxychalcone restored adiponectin levels in T2DM rats and relieved high glucose-induced adiponectin decrease. The signaling pathway analysis indicated that PPARγ regulation was involved. In conclusion, Brazilian Propolis 2-hydroxychalcone could have beneficial effect in T2DM by increasing tissue PPARγ levels, restoring serum adiponectin levels, enhancing insulin sensitivity and subsequently, attenuating elevated glucose level.