الفهرس 
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Abstract
Cancer is a dangerous disease need potent therapy with less side effects. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antitumor efficiency of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) biosynthesized by seaweeds (Ulva fasciata, Corallina elongate, Gelidium crinale, Laurencia obtusa, Cystoseira myrica and Turbinaria turbinata) and by The blue green micro algae (Anabaena oryzae, Nostoc muscorum, Calothrix marchica) on Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) in vitro and in vivo. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by the reduction of silver nitrate in the algal aqueous extract of different algae and then used in different concentrations to study their cytotoxic effect against EAC in vitro. Results of trypan blue exclusion test showed a decrease in EAC cells viability by increasing AgNPs concentration in all tested algae. The maximum inhibition percentage of EAC cells were (94 and 99%) with 98µg/ml AgNPs synthesized by Ulva fasciata and Turbinaria turbinata respectively. Silver nanoparticles synthesized by Turbinaria turbinata were the most cytotoxic against EAC. The synthesized AgNPs by Turbinaria turbinata were characterized by UV, TEM, SEM, EDAX, X-ray and FT-IR and the results confirmed biosynthesis of AgNPs with spherical shape and size varying from 8-16 nm.
For in vivo study, thirty female mice were randomly divided into five groups, six animals each: group 1, control negative mice injected daily with normal saline; group 2, Ehrlich tumor control mice (injected once with 0.2 ml of EAC cells suspension containing about 1×106 viable cells/mouse, then injected with normal saline till the end of the experiment); group 3, injected daily with AgNPs in a dose of 85µg/mouse; group 4, Ehrlich tumor-induced mice injected daily with AgNPs in a dose of 85µg/mouse and group 5, Ehrlich tumor-induced mice injected daily with AgNPs in a dose of 42.5µg/mouse. All treatments were by s/c injection in the right thigh of the hind leg daily for 20 days. Treatment with AgNPs began at 24 hours after tumor induction. The treatment of tumor bearing mice with AgNPs induced dose-dependent smaller tumor size with returning body weights near to normal levels via eliciting cytotoxic action on cancer cells. The cytotoxicity of AgNPs resulted from its oxidative damage effect proved by elevation of MDA and H2O2 contents in tumor tissue and induction of apoptosis via Caspase 3 activation. Also AgNPs brought the elevated white blood cell count in tumor-bearing mice to near-normal range. Moreover histopathological examination of tumor tissues revealed severe necrosis of cancer cells at injection AgNPs especially at higher dose. These with limited recorded side effects at using AgNPs on estimated hematological parameters (normal Hb concentration and RBCs count or liver functions (normal ALT and elevation in AST activities at higher dose only). We concluded that biosynthesized AgNPs from Turbinaria turbinata marine-alga could control the growth of Ehrlich Cell Carcinoma (ECC) in mice with limited adverse effects.