الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present work was designed to investigate the potential of using two plants, plantain (Plantago major L.) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), for the phytoremediation of diazinon -contaminated soil and water. Also, to evaluate the potential of using P.major, for the phytoremediation ofpymetrozine and fipronil -contaminated soil and water. The use of soluble silicon dioxide (SiO2), Tween80,hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) and Liquid humic acid (HA) for enhancing the availability and uptake of fipronil and pymetrozine–contaminated soil by P.major were evaluated. In soil, the accumulation of diazinon residues in P. major and H. annuus roots was higher than those of leaves. P. major roots were an efficient accumulator of diazinon in short time while H. annuus roots were an efficient accumulator of diazinon in long time. Diazinon was translocated into P. major leaves much faster than H. annuus leaves. The half-life value (t1/2) of diazinon, for water planted with P. major and in unplanted water was found to be 3.02 and 16.30 days, respectively. Pymetrozine concentrations in soil with P. major reduced by 30.0–83.25 % throughout 1- to 12-days exposure, compared with 12.50–61.90 % in the soil of control. The half-life value (t1/2) of fipronil, for soil with P. major was found to be 16.99 days, compared with 19.33 days for soil alone. Liquid silicon dioxide (SiO2) produced a synergistic effect on pymetrozine and fipronil uptake and translocation. The strength of amendments for phytoremediation with pymetrozine and fipronil decreases in the order: SiO2 > HA > HPβCD > Tween80. The obtained results indicated that P. major removes efficiently of pymetrozine and fipronil residues in water, soil and has a potentialactivity for pesticides phytoremediation. Also, this study indicates that SiO2 can improve the efficiency of phytoremediation of pymetrozine and fipronil.