الفهرس 
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Abstract
This thesis aims at analyzing the use of offer and apology strategies with particular reference to Richard Don Delillo’s works. Chapter One: Introduction and Research Approach: This chapter introduces us to the brief explanation of the use of speech act in social communication. It also provides us some definitions of pragmatics and outlines some different theories and principles of linguistic politeness according to different author’s point of view. It also outlines the purpose and specific objectives of the present thesis. Chapter Two: Apology Strategies: It focuses upon the important points about apology strategy. The word “apology” derives from the Greek root logos, meaning “speech” or “word.” The speech act of apology is complex in the sense that it may employ a variety of possible strategies. The concept of face is closely associated with ”apology”. Chapter Three: Offer Strategies: The word ”offer” is neither necessary nor enough to create communication. Bilbow (2002) defines offers as speech acts “through which the speaker places an obligation on his/herself to undertake commitment associated with the action specified in the proposition.”Chapter Four: Conclusion (Summary of the results and conclusions of the research).