الفهرس 
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Abstract
The purpose of this study is to assessthe cleaning efficiency of two different nickel titanium systems in curved root canals using histological analysis and Scanning electron microscope evaluation.
Thirtymesiobuccal canals of extracted human permanent mandibular first molars with curvature angle of root canals from 20° to 40° were selected for the present study.Roots were divided into two experimental groups of fifteen teeth each. In group I root canals were prepared using Revo-S system while in group II they were prepared by OneShape file. After canal preparation, twelve mesial roots from each group were processed for histological examination using light microscope at X 100 magnification for the three thirds of the canal and quantitative analysis was done using (ImageJ 1.46) software. Three mesial roots from each group were examined using scanning electron microscope at X150 magnification.
Canal cleanliness was evaluated and the results of the scanning electron microscope were confirmatory to the histological evaluation revealing that, no significant difference was found between both study groups at any of the three thirds of the root canal. Also, results showed a significant difference between the three thirds within each group. The greatest amount of debris was found at the apical third followed by the middle third and the lowest was at the cervical third in both groups.
Regarding the location of debris in the canal lumen after canal preparation, results showed that the highest distribution of debris was found in the buccal side followed by the lingual side in both groups.