الفهرس 
Introduction
Monitoring of Heavy MetalsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Aquatic pollution with heavy metals has become a worldwide problem during recent years. This is in particular of interest in such a valuable and fragile aquatic system like the Red Sea. Three investigations on heavy metals in the Red Sea were carried out in the present study. First investigation aimed to monitor heavy metals in ten sites along the western coast of the Egyptian Red Sea, from Suez to Shalateen using water, sediments and intertidal invertebrates. In addition, the levels of heavy metals in different tissues of fish from three main landing areas were determined in order to evaluate the risk of consumption by man and assess the overall health of Red Sea ecosystem. The second investigation aimed to assess the subcellular effects of heavy metal pollution by measuring biomarker response in the intertidal gastropod Nerita albicilla from sites with different pollution load in the Red Sea. The third part was designed to investigate the lethal toxicity (LC50) and interaction effects of Cd, Zn and Cd (individual element and mixture) during their accumulation in the gastropod N. albicilla. The results showed that, the Red Sea is subjected to natural and anthropogenic sources of heavy metal contamination. Suez Bay receives the largest anthropogenic effects from different industries. El-Hamraween harbour is contaminated with heavy metals due to shipping of phosphate ores. The Red Sea is also subjected to occasional and small floods in certain areas like Qulaan which contain considerable amounts of heavy metals. But after all, levels of heavy metals in the Red Sea, whether in environment or aquatic organisms, still below the levels of contaminated coastal areas of the world, and edible fish from the Red Sea were safe for human consumption. The results also showed that, the gastropod N. albicilla, could be applied as a sentinel species in the Red Sea, and a multi-biomarker monitoring could be applied using this organism.