الفهرس | يوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام |
المستخلص The term ”sentence” seems to be un familiar to the early the first grammarians, as we have never come across this term in their writings, instead , they used and alternative term ”Al-kalam” meaning ”Speech”, But Al-Mobared (AD. 286) was probably the first to use the term ”Sentence” in the sense that has become familiar later in his book “Al Muqtadab” but this term could not displace the term ”Al-kalam”,and while some grammarians used the two terms synonymously ,others distinguished between these terms Traditionally, the earlier generation of grammarians studied the properties of the sentence thoroughly under the Chapters called ”Marfouat” and ”Mansoubat” and so on. But these grammarians never paid any attention to the syntactic structure of the sentence, save for the efforts exerted by Abd Quaher Al-Jorjani when he was addressing the investigation semantics (or Alnazm theory) such as inversion ,Ellipsis and omission . Also , Some efforts were exerted by Ibn Hisham , divided the sentences into two categories Major and Minor. Some grammarians too have addressed a range of related topics, such as the Predicate, Adjective and adverbal clause. The Contemporary scholors, on the other hand, contributed in to the field of studying the sentence structurally, in the Arabic language. What distinguishes This study from other previous studies is the fact that it studies the sentence in four Semitic languages (Arabic, Hebrew, syriac and Ethiopian)which allows a greater opportunity to derive more accurate and deeper results. It is also characterized by the chapter of applications where the full texts were analyzed for Arabic, Hebrew, Syriac ,and Ethiopian , which allowed for the execution of some of the facts that have not been clarified by theoretical chapters. I have divided the thesis into four chapters preceded by an introduction and preface , followed by a conclusion Preface : The sentence definition , Types of sentences Chapter 1 simple sentence in: Arabic Chapter 2: simple sentence in Hebrew Chapter 3: simple sentence in Syriac Chapter 4: simple sentence in Ethiopian Chapter 5: simple sentence in four languages between agreement and disagreement Chapter 6: Applications It is divided into four sections: The first topic : syntax in the Quran (Al-Furqan) The second topic : in syntax (book of Roth) in Hebrew The third topic : syntax in the Syriac story of Ahiqar The fourth topic : syntax in the story of Abraham in Ethiopian Genesis The conclusion has been reported in which the most :important findings, including - congruence between the parties to the reference in the gender and number is the originin the four languages.But the four languages have stepped toward liberation from the rule of biuniqueness, until singling out the verb with the subject became the rule in the Arabic language, and the rest of the remains of the biuniqueness, several Grammarians classify it as a special language tribe of tribes. In Arabic: . (Aalmarj - ” ( 1 fW اب وا ( 3 @ % ل U% ” In Hebrew: hrmuw \ds ]lm wsnyw (Genesis 14:10) And the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah fled. In Syriac: : Fܐܘ: Ahiqar Q: 33) )the King Said to me In Ethiopian: ‘KÃö„ }²éO [¬M (Genesis14-17) And went out the king of Sodom Useing inanimate name as an attribute often prevents - biuniqueness In Arabic: ” َ>Fْ ”ُّ ة ا َ>Dَ ُ ا ْ َ E< نَ زِ ُEَ+ لُ وَا ْ َ ا ْ ” (Alkahf : 46) In Hebrew : dsj hwhy twtra lk (Psalm 25 : 10) All ways of the Lord are mercy In Syriac 9 ܶ; ܽ) ܗ ܶ8 ܳ ܪܘܽܐ ܳ ܳ ܕ ܳ8 ܽ ܰ& All the ways of the Lord are mercy ” (Psalm 25 : 10)” In Ethiopian : : „}qKé mkXA} D–DM You are the light of the world (Matthew 5-14) Unique in Arabic , pronoun should mediate between the - Topic and the Comment, while the delay may be in the Comment for the other three Semitics, so In Arabic : ى” َ ْ cِّ رَبُّ ا ُ ھُ َ 2َّ F وأ ” ((Alnajm : 49) In Hebrew: yh \yhla ttm hz This is the gift of the Lord As well as in Syriac it is permissible ܘܗ ܕܗ 8 ܕ 8) ܪ The superior of wisdom is the fear of God In the Ethiopian it is also permissible: ‰ùF{ ©cñc Õ mk†[ï }I{ (Genesis 42-11) We are all sons of one man As well as the results of the analysis of the most important texts The participle in the Ethiopian may act the work of it’s verb as in Arabic, such as: ‘ê†oë[ cõEo „óDôe MDì† •seo ‰èD}pBé Sea salt and all valleys filled with wells(Genesis 14-10) |