الفهرس 
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Abstract
A total of 226 chicken samples were collected from different farms and traditional poultry slaughterhouses at Ismailia Province, Egypt {102 samples from apparently healthy broiler farms (51 oropharyngeal swabs and 51 cloacal swabs), 23 samples from apparently healthy layer farms (9 oropharyngeal swabs and 14 cloacal swabs), 41samples from diseased broiler chickens (33joints and 8 livers), and 60 samples from traditional slaughterhouses(30 neck skin and 30 vent muscles)}. Samples were subjected to bacteriological examination for isolation and identification of S. aureus. The overall percentage of S. aureus that was isolated 9.7% (22 isolates). Coagulase positive S. aureus revealed 12.2%, 2%, 0% and 25% from diseased chickens, broiler farms, layer farms and traditional slaughterhouses, respectively.
The percentage of isolated coagulase positive S. aureus from diseased chickens was12.2% (5 isolates), where 9.1 % (3isolates) from joint samples and 25% (2 isolates) from liver samples. The percentage of isolated coagulase positive S. aureus from broiler farms was 2% (2 isolates), where 3.9% (2 isolates) from oropharyngeal swabs, while no isolation from cloacal swabs. No coagulase positive S. aureus isolated from layer farms.
Concerning the collected samples from traditional slaughterhouses, the percentage of isolated coagulase positive S. aureus was 25%, where20 % (6 isolates) from neck skin and 30 % (9 isolates) from vent muscle samples.
Antibiotic sensitivity test was carried out by using several groups of antibiotics for 15 S. aureus isolates. The percentage of S. aureus that were resistant to penicillin (80%), while (60%) of isolates were resistant to each of ampicillin, sulbactam/ampicillin and amoxicillin/clavulinic acid, (73.3%) of isolates were resistant to methicillin, (6.7%) of isolates were resistant to each of chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin, (86.7%) of isolates were resistant to each of erythromycin and tetracycline, while (100%) of isolates were sensitive to each of vancomycin, gentamicin and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole.
Using PCR technique, amplification of 391bp fragment of mecA gene from the extracted DNA of 15 coagulase positive S. aureus isolates from slaughterhouses, resulted in PCR product in the percent of 20% (3/15); 33.3 % (2/6) of neck skin and 11.1 % (1/9) of vent muscle were positive.
Regarding the relation between the multidrug resistant and presence of mecA gene on coagulase positive S. aureus strains, the incidence of multidrug resistant S. aureus strains ( resist to >3 groups of antimicrobial agents) of vent muscle (9/9; 100%) was higher than that of neck skin (3/6; 50%). As one isolate of neck skin showed resistant for only one group of antibiotic (B- lactam) and the other two isolates of neck skin showed resistant to two groups of antibiotics (macrolids and tetracycline) .In contrast the incidence of positive mecA gene of neck skin was higher (2/6; 33.3 %) than that of vent muscle (1/9; 11.1 %).The study showed that all mecA gene coagulase positive S. aureus were multidrug resistant.