الفهرس 
chapter 1Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Tanker ship salvage is a part of a specialized field because a stranded tanker ship is in a position not intended by her designers, builders, or operators, and is subject to very different forces and conditions than when in normal service .In some stranding conditions, the real injury to the ship and the environment may occur after a period of time or even during salvage procedures. In most stranded tanker ships, rapid refloating is desirable to remove the ship from a place of danger, to reduce stresses in the hull and to minimize the risk of pollution. Tankers’ salvage operations are often time-critical in that success depends on timely action by experienced personnel and organizations. The expertise needs to make salvage decisions come only from experience with casualties in the field. Knowledge and experience with vessel casualties is not widespread in marine industry for different reasons, and some shipmasters may go through their entire careers without facing a casualty. Moreover, each casualty has its own reasons and situations, which differ from other casualties. All this conditions put the salvage team of the stranded ship in highly stressed situations, which may have bad effect on his decisions.
This thesis is concerned with the salvage decision making, where the wrong or delay salvage decision which taken by salvage team including the shipmaster ,when the double hull tanker runs stranding can hazard the ship, pollution of marine environment, complicate the refloating operation, or delay its completion. To achieve this goal, the risk assessment and the risk management technique have been adopted. Risk assessment is a technical and scientific process by which the risks of a given situation for a system are modeled and quantified. The commercial software HECSALV is used to analyze a number of hypothetical scenarios in order to identify the hazards related to hull girder bending moment due to the refloating of a intact stranded double hull tanker and the ship to be no deflection, no residual stress, no corrosion and with 95 % full loading condition which will be stranded on one mud pinnacle. After risk assessment, refloating procedure for intact double hull tanker ship has been developed in a form of charts’ referred as Refloating Moment Guide (R.M.G.) to determine the required refloating moment. Moreover, as a recommended sequence of shifting cargo oil to achieve such required refloating moment is developed. The proposed risk management procedure for intact double hull tanker consists of a pre-prepared refloating guideline that should be carried out by the designer of the vessel; this plan would be very helpful for all parties of the salvage team and shipmasters to take the refloating decision based on the complete picture of the situation, without any pressure to save life, ship, cargo, and to prevent pollution of marine environment.