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المستخلص Effectiveness of a proposed program in Household Resource Management by the mother of an Autistic child using information technology Introduction: There are specific conditions imposed on the family. It can be assumed that the existence of an autistic child in a family constitutes a source of pressure on the household resources, if the child’s condition was maltreated and the household resources were mishandled. Household resources management is the starting point that facilitates early intervention to care for the autistic child. (Muhammed El Mulhem, 2003, 44) adds that successful management enables the housewife to fulfill all responsibilities related to all aspects of family life. It also enables the housewife to utilize her knowledge, experience, skill and capacities to solve family problems and situations that she encounters in order to overcome the difficulties experienced by her. The autistic child is a one who has lost communication with others. They have totally retreated and engaged themselves with their imaginations, thoughts and stereotypical behavioral patterns; such as, twisting or rolling objects, jiggling, indifference to parents and others and inability to bear change, in addition to stammering. They continue to suffer from the disorder manifestations throughout their lives. But, it is sufficient to know that the normal human brain functions with almost 1330 cycles per second of energy waves, while the autistic child brain functions with about 250 thousand cycles per second of energy waves, which indicated why many children with autism are genius. (Strong, 1996; Powers, 1989; Oregon, 1980) Whereas each age is distinguished for specific characteristics, our current age characterizes with several characteristics, including technical progress, global openness, cultural convergence, information flow – and we have urgent needs to utilize information technology, which is one of the most important features in the 21st century. It is composed of all the computer-based ”things” that enable us to record, transfer or obtain results from information. http://www.arabcin.net/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1435 (Muhammed El Kasem, 1999, 22) stressed that the psychological and sociological studies have proven that there is a more significant improvement in the level of posttests than that of pretests when using information technology programs. Such programs work on providing information in a variety of ways and methods, whether they are verbal language (written or audible) or non-verbal language (music, sound effects, line drawings, still images and animations) through sequential or non-linear patterns, then collecting them in a compatible and integrated combination quite clearly on the screen. So, this creates a powerful environment between the mother and the computer. Based on the above, the study problem could be formulated in the following question: How effective is the usage of a suggested program in the management of household resources by an autistic child mother through information technology? We may find the answer to this question through the following sub-questions: 1- Are there statistically significant differences among autistic children mothers in the management of non-human household resources (financial income – time) based on the variables of social and financial level (mother’s level of education – mother’s job status – children number – monthly income of the family)? 2- Are there statistically significant differences among autistic children mothers in the management of human household resources (human effort – information) based on the variables of social and financial level (mother’s level of education – mother’s job status – children number – monthly income of the family)? 3- Are there statistically significant differences among autistic children mothers in benefitting from family and social support based on the variables of social and financial level (father’s level of education – mother’s level of education – father’s job - mother’s job status – children number – monthly income of the family)? 404 4- Are there statistically significant differences among autistic children mothers in the management of their human household resources (financial income – time) before and after the application of information technology program? 5- Are there statistically significant differences among autistic children mothers in the management of non-human household resources (human effort – information technology) before and after the application of information technology program? 6- Are there statistically significant differences among autistic children mothers in benefitting from family and social support before and after the application of information technology program? Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study is to prepare and apply an information technology program for the management of household resources of an autistic child mother. Importance of the study: 1- Introducing the autistic children mothers to household resources and how to benefit from them to the maximum extent through a scientific and applicable way. 2- Providing the mothers with an information technology program to help them managing their household resources easily and simply. 3- Such type of studies is an addition to the field of home economics in general and house management in particular in order to help the mothers of children with autistic disorder. Hypotheses of the Study: 1- There are statistically significant differences among mothers of an autistic child in the management of non-human household resources (financial income – time) based on the variables of social and financial level (father’s level of education – mother’s level of education – father’s job – mother’s job status – children number – monthly income of the family). 2- There are statistically significant differences among mothers of an autistic child in the management of human household resources (human effort – information) based on the variables of social and financial level (father’s level of education – mother’s level of education – father’s job – mother’s job status – children number – monthly income of the family). 3- There are statistically significant differences among mothers of an autistic child in benefitting from family and social support based on the variables of social and financial level (father’s level of education – mother’s level of education – father’s job – mother’s job status – children number – monthly income of the family). 4- There is a statistically significant correlation between the management of non-human household resources (financial income – time), the management of human household resources (human effort – information) and family and social support on one hand and the variables of social and financial level (father’s level of education – mother’s level of education – father’s age – mother’s age – father’s job – mother’s job status – family members number – monthly income of the family). 5- The presence rate of the factors influencing the management of human household resources varies. 6- There are statistically significant differences among the study sample prior to the application of suggested program (management of autistic child mother’s household resources) in favor of post application. Methodology of the study: This study is based on the descriptive analytical approach and experimental approach. Sample of the study: First: Limits of study: A) Human Domain: 405 This study was conducted on an intentionally-picked sample from among mothers of children with autistic disorder; 68 mothers having a child with autistic disorder (the age of such children ranges from 4 to 11 years). B) Spatial Domain: This study was conducted on 10 different institutions caring for children with autistic disorder inside Cairo governorate - Challenge integrative Medical Clinic (Dr. Doaa Al Hadary), Egyptian Autistic Society, Brighter Future Friends Society, Kayan Center for People with Special Needs, Right To Live Society, The Egyptian Society For Developing Skills Of Children with Special Needs, Happy World School, Arab Egypt Society for Autistic Children, Bright Hope School and Parents and Sons Society for People with Special Needs. C) Time Domain: The practical side of this study and all of the measures and tools were conducted on the study sample from 3/1/2013 to 15/5/2013. Second: Tools of study: The researcher has prepared the following tools: 1- Mother’s primary data form; 2- Mother’s management of non-human household resources (financial income – time) scale; 3- Mother’s management of human household resources (human effort – information) scale; 4- Benefit from family and social support scale; and 5- Autistic child mother’s household resources management program. Findings of the study: First Hypothesis: There are statistically significant differences among the mothers of an autistic child in the management of non-human household resources (financial income – time), according to father’s level of education variable, where the value (F) was significant at 0.01 level; according to mother’s level of education variable, where the value (F) was significant at 0.01 level; according to father’s job variable, where the value (F) was significant at 0.01 level; there were also found statistically significant differences among mothers regarding mother’s job in managing the time resource in favor of the non-working mothers at a significance level of 0.01; according to children number value, where the value (F) was significant at 0.01 level; and according to monthly income variable, where the value (F) was significant at 0.01 level. Second Hypothesis: There are statistically significant differences among the mothers of an autistic child in the management of human household resources (human effort – information), according to father’s level of education variable, where the value (F) was significant at 0.01 level; according to mother’s level of education variable, where the value (F) was significant at 0.01 level; according to father’s job variable, where the value (F) was significant at 0.01 level; there were also found statistically significant differences among mothers regarding mother’s job in managing the information resource in favor of the working mothers at a significance level of 0.01; and according to monthly income variable, where the value (F) was significant at 0.01 level. Third Hypothesis: There are statistically significant differences among the mothers of an autistic child in benefitting from family and social support, according to father’s level of education variable, where the value (F) was significant at 0.01 level; according to education variable and father’s job variable, where the value (F) was significant at 0.01 level; there were also found statistically significant differences among mothers regarding mother’s job in benefitting from family and social support in favor of the non-working mothers at a significance level of 0.01; according to children number value, where the value (F) was insignificant; and according to monthly income variable, where the value (F) was significant at 0.01 level. Fourth Hypothesis: 406 - There is a positive correlation between father’s level of education and each of the management of income and time resource, non-human household resources, human effort, family and social support, human household resources and household resources in general at a significance level of 0.01. There is also a positive correlation between father’s level of education and information resource management at a significance level of 0.05, where the higher the father’s level of education, the higher the level of household resources management. - There is a positive correlation between mother’s level of education and each of the management of income resource, non-human household resources, human effort, information, family and social support, human household resources and household resources in general at a significance level of 0.01. There is also a positive correlation between mother’s level of education and time resource management at a significance level of 0.05. - There is a positive correlation between father’s age and each of the management of income and time resource, non-human household resources, information, family and social support, human household resources and household resources in general at a significance level of 0.01. There is also a positive correlation between father’s age and human effort resource management at a significance level of 0.05. - There is a positive correlation between father’s age and each of the management of income and time resource, non-human household resources, human effort, information, family and social support, human household resources and household resources in general at a significance level of 0.01. - There is a positive correlation between father’s job and each of the management of income resource, non-human household resources, human effort, information, human household resources and household resources in general at a significance level of 0.01. There is also a positive correlation between father’s job and time and family and social support resource management at a significance level of 0.05. - There is no correlation between mother’s job and the axes of household resources management, represented in financial income, time, human effort, information and family and social support and the axes of total non-human household resources, human household resources and household resources in general. - There is a negative correlation between family members number and each of financial income, time, non-human household resources, human effort, family and social support and total axe of household resources management in general at a significance level of 0.01. There is also a negative correlation between family members number and management of information resource and human household resources. - There is a positive correlation between monthly income and each of income, time, nonhuman household resources, human effort, family and social support, human household resources and household resources in general at a significance level of 0.01. There is also a positive correlation between monthly income and information resource management at a significant level of 0.05. Fifth Hypothesis: The presence rate of the factors influencing the management of human household resources varies. It was found that mother’s level of education was the most influencing factor on the management of household resources with a percentage of 75.7%, followed by mother’s age with a percentage of 66.9%, then father’s level of education with a percentage of 61.9% and finally the monthly income with a percentage of 56.9%. Sixth Hypothesis: There are statistically significant differences between the results of program pretest and posttest at a significance level of 0.01 in favor of the post application. With regard to the effect of suggested program, it was found to be high, which proves the effectiveness of the designed program in the management of household resources of an autistic child mother. Recommendations: 1- The necessity to prepare and design guiding programs for autistic children mothers, indicating how to manage their household resources through a modern scientific method by the faculty of Home Economics and home economics departments at the faculties of Specific Education. 2- Awareness campaigns shall be organized and information programs targeting fathers and mothers of an autistic child shall be prepared about how to deal with the problems they face in the course of upbringing the child and managing the household resources. 3- Country shall support the families of autistic children through reducing the costs of treatment sessions in addition to constructing community center for autistic children treatment with low prices. 4- Bodies, centers and childhood institutions shall conduct sessions for mothers to teach them how to deal with an autistic child in addition to scheduling specific courses showing how to deal with and face life pressures in order to reduce the possibility of being vulnerable to psychological exhaustion. |