الفهرس 
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Abstract
Worldwide prevalence of childhood obesity has increased greatly during the past three decades.
Obesity is epidemic among all ages of children and is global in scope.In Egypt there is an increasing prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents reaching 5.8% among males and 9.7% among females.
Childhood obesity predisposes to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes , hypertension , hyperlipidemia , liver and renal disease and reproductive dysfunction.
Hypophosphatemia can result in impaired utilization of glucose, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. In addition reduced phosphate levels may contribute directly to the development of the obesity , hypertension , and dyslipidemia.
Magnesium is an important cofactor for enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism . There is strong relationship between magnesium and insulin action has been reported.
This study aimed to evaluate serum levels of phosphate and magnesium and its relation to insulin resistance in obese non diabetic children.
The study included 85 children classified into two groups.,
group I which included 60 children and adolescents with BMI which exceeding 95th percentile suitable for age and sex and group II included 25 healthy children as a control group.
The studied groups were subjected to
Thorough history taking, clinical examination and anthropometric measurements and laboratory investigations including Fasting blood glucose, Fasting serum insulin, Lipid profile, Serum phosphate and magnesium levels and Serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase.
In our study we found that the obese children had a significantly higher levels of fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoproteins and alkaline phosphatase than the controls. In addition we found that the obese children had a significantly higher HOMA-IR and lower QuickI values than the controls.
Moreover, we found that the obese children had a significantly lower levels of serum phosphate and magnesium and these low levels of phosphate and magnesium were negatively correlated with HOMA-IR & positively correlated with QuickI.
In addition, we found that fasting insulin level was positively correlated with total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol and negatively correlated with serum phosphate and magnesium.
Moreover, we found that HOMA-IR had a significant positive correlation with total cholesterol and low density lipoproteins. Also we found that QuickI had a significant negative correlation with total cholesterol and low density lipoproteins.