الفهرس 
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Abstract
Ventral hernia is a collective term used to describe hernias arising out of the anterior abdominal wall, excluding the inguinal region. These can be classified as incisional, umbilical hernias, epigastric hernias and spigelian hernias
Incisional hernias are common complication following abdominal surgery. Those hernias may develop through deterioration of the abdominal muscular layers or they may develop from failed healing of an anterior abdominal wall surgical incision.
Factors linked to ventral hernia formation include Surgical factors such as( type of incision, Suture type and technique), factors that impair wound healing such as (wound infection, diabetes, corticosteroids use, smoking, connective tissue disorders, malignancies, radiotherapy, multiple surgeries and advanced age) , Conditions that increase intra abdominal pressure like (obstructive airways diseases, constipation, lower urinary tract obstruction, pregnancy and ileus).
The laparoscopic approach is an increasingly used alternative method for repair of ventral hernias. In this approach the mesh is placed in an intra-peritoneal location and less often in the pre peritoneal location, where the rise in the intra-abdominal pressure is totally diffused along each square inch of the mesh and not along a tenuous suture line, as happens in conventional suture repairs
Early results show that the technique is safe, simple, and effective, with results that are better than or equivalent to the results of open repair. Length of hospital stays and pain medication requirements are less than with open repair. Use of the laparoscopic technique was associated with statistically fewer wound complications, fewer overall complications and a lower recurrence rate than use of the open technique.
The advantages of the IPOM approach over the others are that there is a large working space and familiar anatomic landmarks are visible. Alsowith this approach, minimal fascial defects, known as “Swiss cheese” defects, which may be missed during the open repair, can be identified and closed with one mesh. In addition, by placing the mesh intra peritoneal, the intra abdominal pressure pushes upwards and holds the mesh into position.A problem is mesh separation due to inadequate fixation. The extracorporeal transfascial sutures at the corners of the mesh by separated skin incisions combined with staplers are recommended.