الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was carried out on the effect of daidzein, equol and decenoic acid derivatives; (E)-2-(diethylamino) ethyl dec-2- enoate, (E)-S-2-(dimethylamino) ethyl dec-2- enethioate, (E)-N-2-(dimethylamino) ethyl dec-2- enamide on the neuronal differentiation of mice embryonic cortical stem cells and PC12 cells.
We use E13 mice embryos for obtaining mice embryonic cortical stem cells. In addition, we use a neural stem cell model PC12. PC12 cells are the most widely used model of neural stem cells. It is a clonal derivative from a transplantable rat pheochromocytoma. In response to neurotrophins as NGF, these cells stop dividing and begin to extend neurites.
we study the effect of daidzein, equol and decenoic acid derivatives on the neuronal differentiation of mice embryonic cortical stem cells and PC12 cells by examining the changes in the cells morphology using phase contrast microscope. Immunocytochemistry was also used to identify the cells fate after treatment by using markers for neurons, astrocytes and neural stem cells. Moreover, western immunoblotting was carried out for exploration of the signaling pathways stimulated by these compounds.
In conclusion, this study revealed that, majority of embryonic mice cortical stem cells moved toward neuronal fate. In addition, FGF and daidzein have no significant effect on neuronal differentiation of embryonic mice cortical stem cells. On the other hand, NGF begin to induced neurite extension after 3 hours of incubation and the effect increased with time. At the same time we found that daidzein has no effect either separately or in combination with NGF on the neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells. We also found that equol (10µg/ml) only have a weak significant effect on the neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells either separately or in combination with NGF. In addition to previously mentioned compounds, decenoic acid derivatives, (E)-2-(diethylamino) ethyl dec-2- enoate, (E)-S-2-(dimethylamino) ethyl dec-2- enethioate, and (E)-N-2-(dimethylamino) ethyl dec-2- enamide induced neurite outgrowth in pc12 cells in a dose dependent manner in the presence of inducer(NGF). They exerts their action mainly through activation of ERK1/2 pathway.
The above mentioned results revealed that, the medium chain fatty acids specially decenoic acid and its derivatives considered a promising therapeutic candidate for neuro degenerative disorders when used with sub optimal doses of NGF through induction of neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells.