الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This clinical study was planned to evaluate the clinical outcome of immediately loaded and delayed loaded implants in smoker and nonsmoker patients. Forty patients seeking for replacement of missing mandibular incisor were selected according to certain inclusion criteria. Patients were equally divided into two groups according to loading protocol. Each group involved two subgroups according to smoking status (smokers & nonsmokers). All patients received metal-ceramic crowns. Patients were evaluated immediately after placement of definitive restoration, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months and 18 months to evaluate the following: Implant survival and implant mobility, Peri-implant clinical indices, Marginal bone loss. The final restorations were evaluated according to USPHS criteria guidelines. Results: There was statistical significant difference between one-piece and two-piece implants as regarding probing depth and marginal bone loss. There was statistical significant difference between smokers and nonsmokers as regarding peri-implant gingival index, probing depth and marginal bone loss. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this clinical study the following conclusions can be drawn: Despite the greater per-implant marginal bone loss, one-piece implant showed a high survival rate compared to conventional two-piece implant. Smoking has a negative influence on peri-implant tissue and producing peri-implant bone loss. Clinical recommendations: A one-piece implant is a viable alternative for tooth replacement with short, simple and cost effective prosthetic treatment. Smoking should not be an absolute contraindication for implant therapy. However, patients should be informed that they are at a slightly greater risk and are susceptible to more marginal bone loss.