الفهرس 
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Abstract
This work was conducted to study the effect of some plants on the obese rates. To obtain the obese rats high fat diet HFH containing beef 19% tallow was used to feed 30 rats for 6 weeks. these obese rats (control ”_”rats) divided into 6 groups (5 rats each) while where fed on diets containing 7.5 % of rather flaxseeds, fennel seeds, pomenegrate peels, milk thistle or the equalized mixture of all plants. One group (5 rats) fed only on the basal diet considered as the control (-) group.
Inrvetion feeding trial laster for 28 days, where the body weight gain %
(BWG %), feed intake (FI) and feed efficiency ratio (FER) evaluated beside the internal organs% (liver, kidney, heart, spleen and lung) to represent the biological factors.
Rats sacrificed at the end of experiment to obtain the serum so as to determine the changes in biochemical factors. Also, histopathological changes of liver, kidney and heart were recorded.
The results arrived at revealed the following:
During 28 days of feeding flaxseeds supplemented diet (at 7.5% level) revealed the best treatment, causing maximum slimming of obese rats I weight loss was 57.00% in comparison with the control (+) group. Lowest effect recorded for the diet containing the mixture of plants indicating absence of synergistic action.
There were significant increase FI, BWG and FER (g) of rats fed on rather flax seeds, fennel seeds, pomenegrate peels, milk thistle and their mixture.
Flaxseeds group revealed lowest FI & FER compared to control (+) group, being in harmony with the changes of BWG%.
The best treatment was observed on BWG for group of rats fed on basal diet contained flaxseeds (7.5% level). But the lowest effect founded for mixture of all plants indicating absence of synergistic action.
The best treatment on FI was observed for group of rats fed on basal diet contained flaxseeds (at 7.5% level).
The best treatment on FER was observed for group of rats fed on basal diet contained flaxseeds (at 7.5% level).
Due to obesity inflammation action raised the weight of the internal organs (% of BW) (hypertrophy), while experimental charts toward the internal organs weight.
As for kidney and lung weight The best treatment was observed for rats group fed on basal diet contained Milk Thistle (at 7.5% level).
As for heart and spleen weight The best treatment was observed for rats group fed on basal diet contained flaxseeds (at 7.5% level).
Induction of obesity raised significantly the level of serum glucose, which was reduced when feeding with tasted plants.
Best treatment, revealed maximum decrease of serum glucose (-37% of control ”+” group ) was that of the flaxseeds diet, while the mixture of plants diets showed lowest hypoglycemic effect, indicating absence of synergistic action between difference plants .
Obesity had marked side effects considering the lipids profile. This because obesity caused the increase of serum Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerids (TG), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) & atherogenic index (AI) while lowered high density lipoprotein (HDL).
Feeding on any of the tasted plants or the mixture of them reversed such changes leading to improvement of lipids profile. Based on atherogenic index (AI), best group was that of the plants mixture, this was also recorded for TG.
Fennel seeds were best effective on low density lipoprotein (LDL) & high density lipoprotein (HDL), while pomegranate peels were best effective on serum triglycerids (TG) & very low density lipoprotein (VLDL).
Obesity affected the liver functions markedly as indicated by the raising of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT or AST), glutamic pyrovate transaminase (GPT or ALT) & alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, which were lowered upon feeding on diets.
As for AST enzyme recorded significant decrease in all group as compared to control group (C+ve).
The best treatment of GOT was observed for rats fed on diet contained flax seeds (at 7.5 level)
The mean value of GPT of control positive was higher than control negative whereas the values of all groups were lower than control positive.
The best treatment of ALT (GPT) was observed for rats fed on diet contained flaxseeds (at 7.5% levels).
Significantly the best treatment of ALP was observed for rats fed on diet contained milk thistle (at 7.5% levels).
Feeding obese rats with Flaxseeds, Fennel seeds, Pomegranate peels, Milk thistle & their Mixture as supplements for 28 days on Urea, Uric Acid & Creatinine
Maximum reduction of uric acid, urea & creatinine recorded for flaxseeds, fennel seeds and milk thistle groups respectively.
Uric acid of control positive group was higher than that of control negative group, Significantly the best treatment of uric acid was observed for rats fed on diet contained flaxseeds (at 7.5% level).
The mean value of urea of control positive was higher than controls negative Significantly the best treatment of urea was observed for rats fed on diet contained fennel seeds (at 7.5% level).
The mean value of creatinine of control positive was higher than controls significantly the best treatment of creatinine was observed for rats fed on diet contained milk thistle (at 7.5% level).
Anyhow all tested plants improved the kidneys function of obese rats.
Histopathological changes of liver, kidney &heart confirmed the results of biochemical results non significant histopathological changes for rats which fed on flax seeds, fennel seeds, pomenegrate peels, milk thistle and their mixture with different additives as compared to control group (C+ve).