الفهرس 
العنوانOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
After studying the decoration of ancient Egyptian jewelry and its religiouS significance, the researcher was able to conclude that;
A great number of craftsmen had been involved in jewelry-making, but unfortunately, scarce information was found about them perhaps; due to the fact that the secrets of this job were passed from father to his son. Moreover, they suffered from bad social conditions. The administration of the royal palace used to choose the best craftsmen in order to work in the palace workshops, and they gave them very high wages. Therefore, they are considered to be in high status than their colleagues. Moreover, there were no independent craftsmen or workshops in ancient Egypt due to, the fact that these workshops used to receive valuable materials.
The ancient Egyptians were great miners; they used to obtain their needs from metals and stones from several localities such as eastern desert and Sinai peninsula. Moreover, throughout the ancient Egyptian history, kings gave a great interest to the mines and quarries; they used to send mining expeditions to the eastern desert during summer season and to Sinai during the winter. However, mining and quarrying activities were stopped during the chaos and wars. The society of mining included many jobs such as; stone cutting worker, overseer of stone-cutters, gold washing worker, chief of police, inspector of mines, translator and guide.
- The archaeological discoveries provided us with information about the tools that were used in jewelry-making such as; crucibles which were used to melt different types of materials like gold, copper, silver and bronze. Petri discovered a large number from different localities and nowadays they are displayed in the university of London Museum. Pot-bellows; which were vessels used in melting process, were discovered at Tell Retabah in delta region.
- However, the tomb’s scenes provided us with information about the tools which were used in jewelry- making such as the tombs of vizier Mereruka (6th dynasty) at Saqqara and vizier Pepiankh (6th dynasty) at Meir which gave us some examples of blow-pipes, used during the melting process to fan the fire in order to raise the temperature of glowing charcoal. Also the tomb of vizier Puymere, the second prophet of god Amun, depicts the dish-bellows which were used in melting process.
- As for the techniques adopted, these were depicted in the tomb’s scenes in the tombs of Menkheperrasonb, Rekhmire, Pepiankh, Hepu, Mastaba of Mereruka and the rock tombs of Meir, that displayed several stages of this industry until reached to the required object. It should be mentioned that, the exact method of soldering the golden objects is still unknown, but the researchers made several experiments on some pieces of objects, and they reached to several opinions about that topic.
- In addition, the craftsmen in ancient Egypt used several materials in jewelry-making. These divided into semi precious-stones such as; chalcedony, agate, cornelian. As well as organic materials such as; mother of pearl (nacre) and flax fibers. And the artificial materials such as faience glass and glaze.
- The ancient Egyptians people used to decorate their jewelry with several symbols due to their religious significance. These divided into religious significance for floral motifs, marine motifs, animals, birds, insects, deities, architecture, hieroglyphics, jewelry shaped pieces, royal, colors, metals, stones and different symbols. Moreover, certain chapters of the book of the dead had been inscribed on the reverse sides of some objects such as chapters 26,126 and 30 B; in order to ensure their resurrection in the afterlife.