الفهرس 
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Abstract
The aim of the present investigation was to study the possible beneficial effects of vitamin E and/or insulin treatment on bladder remodeling and bladder overactivity in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Ninety adult male albino rats weighing 130 ± 10 grams, each were used in this investigation. The rats were divided into the following groups: Group Ι: Control group. Group Π: Diabetic group. ► Group IIa: Diabetic non-treated group. ► Group IIb: Diabetic insulin-treated group. ► Group IIc: Diabetic vitamin E-treated group. Group IIc1: Diabetic low dose-vitamin E-treated group. Group IIc2: Diabetic medium dose-vitamin E-treated group. Group IIc3: Diabetic high-dose-vitamin E-treated group: ► Group IId: Diabetic with combined vitamin E and insulin-treated group. Group IId1: Diabetic with combined insulin and low dose-vitamin E-treated group. Group IId2: Diabetic with combined insulin and medium-dose-vitamin E-treated group: Group IId3: Diabetic with combined insulin and high-dose-vitamin E-treated group.
In each of the previously mentioned groups, body weight, blood glucose, 24-hour water intake and urine output, and serum MDA were estimated after 4 days, 1week, 3 weeks, and 5 weeks after STZ injection, and bladder weight, morphometric analysis and bladder contractility in response to ACh were done at the end of study. The results showed that induction of diabetes by STZ injection resulted in significant weight loss after 1 week of STZ injection and significant increase in blood glucose, 24-hour water intake and urine output, and serum MDA after 4 days which remained throughout the study when compared to control. Bladder weight was significantly increased. Morphometric analysis of urinary bladder showed significant increase in wall, lumen, urothelium, and smooth muscle areas and insignificant changes in wall thickness and collagen area when compared to control. Bladder contractility in response to ACh also significantly increased. In insulin-treated group, there was significant increase in body weight, and significant decrease in blood glucose, 24-hour water intake and urine output, when compared to diabetic group and insignificantly changed from control, and significant decrease in serum MDA that significantly changed from control. Insulin treatment partially reduced bladder weight, and wall, lumen, urothelium, and smooth muscle areas. In vitamin E-treated groups, there was significant dose-dependent increase in body weight, and decrease in serum glucose, 24-hour water intake and urine output when compared to diabetic group and significantly changed from control, and significant dose-dependent decrease in serum MDA when compared to diabetic group and insignificantly changed from control. Bladder weight and wall, lumen, urothelium, and smooth muscle areas significantly
decreased in a dose-dependent manner when compared to diabetic group and significantly changed from control. Combined insulin and vitamin E in different doses-treatment in diabetic rats significantly increased body weight, and decreased serum glucose, 24-hour water intake and urine output, and serum MDA when compared to diabetic group and insignificantly changed from control. Bladder weight and wall, lumen, urothelium, and smooth muscle areas also significantly decreased when compared to diabetic group and insignificantly changed from control. Treatment of diabetic rats with insulin alone or vitamin E alone decreased oxidative stress and reversed bladder remodeling and overactivity. Combined treatment with both insulin and vitamin E has more additive effect on these parameters. This may be due to abolishment of oxidative stress by the antioxidant effect of vitamin E in addition to the hypoglycemic action of insulin.