الفهرس 
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of highly heterogeneous
diseases and described as a metabolic disorder of multiple etiology
characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia. As the disease progressed
tissue or vascular damage ensues leading to severe diabetic
complications such as retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy,
cardiovascular complications and many other complication.
Abnormally high levels of free radicals and the simultaneous
decline of antioxidant defense mechanisms can lead to damage cell
structures, including lipids and membranes, proteins, DNA, increased
lipid peroxidation, and development of insulin resistance. Antioxidants,
capable of neutralizing free radicals or their actions, act at different
stages. They act at the levels of prevention, interception and repair
caused by free radical induced cell damage.
Naturally occurring antioxidant has been shown to protect
animal tissue against oxidative damage such as lipid peroxidation both
in vitro and in vivo. Vitamin deficiency is a well known cause for a
variety of diseases such as diabetic neuropathy, neuphropathy,
retinopathy and others.
The goal of the present study was to investigate the effect of
diabetes mellitus and its complication on vitamins levels in serum of
patients with diabetes mellitus along 5 to 10 years; duration of disease.
This work was done on 100 male subjects divided into two main
groups: Group I; 50 health non diabetic control subjects & Group II; 50
diabetic subjects. After overnight fasting blood samples was collected
from viens of both diabetic and control subjects and were used for
some biochemicals studies and investigation such as insulin hormone
and C-peptide, fasting blood glucose, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, folate,
homocystiene.
The results obtained found that diabetes mellitus had
hyperglycemia as diabetic group have significance increase in fasting
blood sugar with mean and STE (93.14± 2.63) mg/dl with perecent
change +2.07% in compare to healthy control group and lead to beta
cell dysfunction that is lead to deficiency of insulin regulting hormone
and C-peptide levels and also it have significance decrease in vitamin
B12, and vitaminB6 and folate with mean and STE
(492.86±15.11pg/mol & 66.45±0.60 nmol/ml & 22.56±0.52 ng/ml)
respectively in compare to healthy control group. This hyperglycemic
condition lead to beta cell dysfunction, which in turn lead to deficiency
of insulin regulating hormone and C-peptide levels. Diabetes mellitus
also resulted in significant decrease in vitamin B12, vitamin B6 and
foliate with mean and STE (492.86±15.11pg/mol & 66.45±0.60
nmol/ml & 22.56±0.52 ng/ml) respectively than healthy control group.
Additionally, diabetes mellitus also make deficiency to vital nutrient
(e.g. folate), which shared one carbon metabolism. Thus deficiency in
B complex vitamins leads to evelation of Hcy, which was significantly
increase in diabetic patients than healthy control group in our findings
(with present change +183.76). Homocystien concentration paly
important role in metabolic cycle in body, as hyperhomocysteinemia
(HHcy) is considered as an independent and graded risk factor for the
development of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, we can say that high
total plasma homocysteine is a sensitive marker of functional
deficiency of either folic acid or vitamin B12.