الفهرس 
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Abstract
A total of 120 random samples of cattle blade, liver, kidneys and
lungs (30 of each) were collected from two abattoirs of Al-Bohira
province. All collected samples were subjected to organoleptic
evaluation, chemical and microbiological examination. The obtained
results revealed the followings:
Organoleptic evaluation:
The result of sensory characters revealed that the meat had a score
of excellent quality grade in 12 samples, very good in 11 samples and
good in 7 samples, liver had a score of excellent in 16 samples, very good
in 9 samples and good in 5 samples, kidneys had a score of excellent in
21 samples and very good in 9 samples, and the lungs had a score of
excellent in 13 samples, very good in 8 samples and good in 9 samples.
All the examined meat and offal samples which collected freshly and
directly after stamping were normal in color, odor and consistency.
Determination of pH value:
The pH value ranged from 5.4 to 6 with a mean value of 5.70 ±
0.04 in meat samples. In liver samples pH value ranged from 6.2 to 6.6
with a mean value of 6.45 ± 0.02. In kidney samples pH value ranged
from 6.4 to 6.6 with a mean value 6.49 ± 0.01 and, finally, in lungs pH
value ranged from 6.2 to 6.6 with a mean value of 6.48 ± 0.02. There was
a high significant differences (P < 0.05) in pH value of meat with other
examined samples.
Determination of Total Volatile Nitrogen (TVN) value (mg/100g):
The TVN value (mg/100g) ranged from 12.5 to 12.8, with a mean
value of 12.68± 0.02 in meat samples, in liver TVN value ranged from
12.3 to 13.4, with a mean value of 13.06 ± 0.04, in kidneys TVN value
ranged from 12.4 to 13.0, with a mean value of 12.76 ± 0.03 and, finally,
in lungs TVN value ranged from 12.3 to 13.40, with a mean value of
12.98 ± 0.04.
There was a high significant differences (P < 0.05) in TVN value
of meat and kidneys with other examined samples.
Determination of Thiobarbituric Acid (TBA) value
(mg malonaldehyde/kg of sample):
TBA value (mg malonaldehyde/kg of sample) ranged from 0.17 to
0.33, with mean value of 0.24 ± 0.01 in meat samples, in liver TBA value
ranged from 0.09 to 0.22, with mean value of 0.16 ± 0.01, in kidneys
TBA value ranged from 0.21 to 0.32, with mean value of 0.25 ± 0.01 and,
finally, in lungs TBA value ranged from 0.17 to 0.29, with mean value of
0.24 ± 0.01. There was a high significant differences (P < 0.05) in TBA
value of liver with other examined samples.
Determination of total Aerobic Plate Count “APC” (cfu/g):
The mean value of aerobic bacterial count cfu/g in fresh beef
samples were 2.36×105 ± 4.8×104,with a maximum value of 1.2×106 and
a minimum value of 6×103 cfu/g and in liver samples, the mean value was
2.01×105 ± 3.7×104 ,with a maximum value of 7.2×105 and minimum
value of 1.2×104 cfu/g and in kidney samples the mean value was
3.43×105± 1.97×105, with a maximum value of 6×106 and a minimum
value of 5.6×103 cfu/g and in lung samples the mean value was
1.89×105±3.8×104, with a maximum value of 7.8×105 and a minimum
value of 1.3×104 cfu/g. Means within samples showed no significant
differences (P < 0.05).
Determination of total Enterobacteriaceae count (cfu/g):
Total Enterobacteriaceae count in examined meat samples ranged
from 3×102 to 7.2×105 ,with a mean value of 1.08×105 ±2.6×104 cfu/g
and in liver samples it ranged from 2.3×103 to 3.8×105 ,with a mean value
of 8.4×104 ± 1.8×104 cfu/g and in kidney samples it ranged from 1.6×102
to 3.7×105 ,with a mean value of 6.9×104± 1.7×104 cfu/g and in lung
samples it ranged from 1×103 to 4.5×105 ,with a mean value of 8.4×104 ±
2.1×104 cfu/g. Means within samples showed no significant differences
(P < 0.05).
Determination of total Coliform count (cfu/g):
Total coliform bacterial count in fresh beef samples ranged from
<10 to 3.2×105 ,with a mean value of 4.4×104± 1.2×104 cfu/g and in liver
samples it ranged from <10 to 1.3×105 ,with a mean value of
3.4×104±7×103 cfu/g and in kidney samples it ranged from <10 to
9.2×104 ,with a mean value of 2.2×104 ± 5×103 cfu/g and in lung samples
it ranged from <10 to 1.2×105 ,with a mean value of 3.2×104 ± 8×103
cfu/g. Means within samples showed no significant differences (P <
0.05).
Determination of total Staphylococcal count (cfu/g):
Staphylococcal count cfu/g of fresh beef samples ranged from
7.7×102 to 8.6×104 ,with a mean value of 2.8×104± 5×103 cfu/g and in
liver samples it ranged from <10 to 7.7×104 ,with a mean value of
2.3×104± 4×103 cfu/g and in kidney samples it ranged from <10 to
9.2×104 ,with a mean value of 2.3×104± 5×103 cfu/g and in lung samples
it ranged from <10 to 7.6×104 ,with a mean value of 2×104± 4×103 cfu/g.
Means within samples showed no significant differences (P < 0.05).
Isolation and identification of Staphylococcus aureus:
The incidence of total isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, in meat
was 40%, while for liver it was 20%, on the other hand, in kidneys it was
13.3%, and in lungs it was 30%, respectively.
Determination of total Mould count (cfu/g):
The total mould count cfu/g of fresh meat samples ranged from
<10 to 1.9×103 ,with a mean value of 1.24×102 ± 6.4×10 cfu/g and in liver
samples it ranged from <10 to 2×102 ,with a mean value of 4.6×10 ±
9×10 cfu/g and in kidney samples it ranged from <10 to 2×102 ,with a
mean value of 4.9×10 ± 1×10 cfu/g and in lung samples it ranged from
<10 to 5×102 ,with a mean value of 8.7×10 ± 2.2×10 cfu/g. Means within
samples showed no significant differences (P < 0.05).
Identification of mould species:
Different species of mould isolated from the examined samples. In
meat they were Alternaria spp 20%, Aspergillus spp 66.6%,
Cladosporium spp 16.6%, Fusarium spp 6.6%, Geotrichum spp 43.3%,
Mucor spp 36.6%, and Penicillum spp 23.3%, but Rhizopus spp failed to
be isolated, in liver they were Alternaria spp 6.6%, Aspergillus spp 60%,
Cladosporium spp 16.6%, Fusarium spp 10%, Geotrichum spp 13.3%,
Mucor spp 16.6%, Penicillum spp 23.3% and Rhizopus spp 10% in
kidneys they were Alternaria spp 13.3%, Aspergillus spp 56.6%,
Fusarium spp 10%, Geotrichum spp 16.6%, Mucor spp 36.6%,
Penicillum spp 13.3%, and Rhizopus spp 6.6% but Cladosporium spp
failed to be isolated and in lungs they were Alternaria spp 16.6%,
Aspergillus spp 63.3%, Cladosporium spp 23.3%, Fusarium spp 20%,
Geotrichum spp 10%, Mucor spp 13.3% and Penicillum spp 20%, but
Rhizopus spp failed to be isolated.