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Abstract This study is carried out on 20 lactating female rabbits and 3 males from white New Zealand breed were divided in to five groups each group contain 4 lactating female rabbits as follows: Group I (control negative): Neither received the medical plant (fenugreek or its oil) nor the vehicle. Group II (control positive): Rabbits were fed on liquorices (3.0 ml) only which was orally given to rabbits by using stomach tube two days before parturition and continued for 13 days after parturition for 2 successive pregnancies. This group was considered as control of the fenugreek vehicle. Group III: Rabbits were fed on fenugreek powder (1.5 g/rabbit) mixed with liquorices (3.0 ml) and orally given to animals by using stomach tube two days before parturition and continued for 13 days after parturition for 2 successive pregnancies. Group IV: Rabbits were fed on sprouted fenugreek (average amount 60-66 sprouted seeds) which was orally given to animals on ration two days before parturition and 13 days after parturition for 2 successive pregnancies. Group V: Rabbits were fed on fenugreek oil (0.34 ml) which was mixed with liquorices (3.0ml) and orally given to female rabbit by using stomach tube two 82 days before parturition and continued for 13 days after parturition for 2 successive pregnancies. The sampling was carried out as follow: 1- Blood sample was collected from each lactating doe on day 13 of lactation. 2- Milk Sample was collected only at 13day from lactation for chemical composition and for milk yield estimation at early of lactation (3day from lactation), mid of lactation (15day from lactation) and at late of lactation (27day from lactation). 3- Body weight of bunnies were measured weekly from parturition till weaning. 4- Morphometeric study of does mammary glands: a- Measuring teat diameter and length by using digital caliber at early of lactation (3day from lactation), mid of lactation (15day from lactation) and at late of lactation (27day from lactation). b- Using ultrasonography of mammary gland. The results and statistical analysis indicated that 1- Chemical composition (%) of rabbits milk: In general , the fenugreek seeds and oil administered groups (G3& G5) recorded the highest percent values (p<0.05) of fat, protein, lactose, total solids and solid not fat contents of the rabbits milk in both 1st and 2nd lactation period relative to other tested groups. 2- Milk yield of lactating rabbits: The effect of seeds (powder), germinated and oil of fenugreek administration on rabbits milk yield. 1&2- At the early and mid of lactation period: The milk yield were recorded a non significant differences (p>0.05) either between tested groups or between 1st and 2nd pregnancy in the same group. 3-At late of lactation: 83 Generally in 1st and 2nd pregnancy, germinated (G4) and oil (G5) of fenugreek were recorded a significant rates (p<0.05) of milk yield relative to groups 2 and 3 (control and fenugreek seeds). No significant differences were showed between 1st and 2nd pregnancy in the same tested groups. 3- Bunnies body weight of lactating rabbits: T he body weights of suckling bunnies from dams fed on fenugreek seeds (G3) recorded the highest body weight values in comparison with values of the other tested groups in both 1st and 2nd pregnancy. 4- Teat length and diameter of lactating rabbits: The effects of fenugreek seeds (powder), germinated seeds and oil administration on lactating rabbits’ teat length and diameter. Significant differences were recorded for teat lengths in groups (G2, G3, and G5) and no significant differences for teat diameters of lactating rabbits in all lactation periods of the tested groups. 5- Total leukocytic count of lactating rabbits: Experimental groups of G2 to G5 were showed significant reduction (p<0.05) of WBCs related to G1 during 1st lactation period. While, rabbits administered seeds (G3) and germinated (G4) fenugreek were recorded significant elevation (p<0.05) of WBCs related to control (G1) group during 2nd lactation period. In general, fenugreek treated groups (G3, G4 & G5) were demonstrated higher WBCS values in 2nd lactation period in comparing with the values of 1st lactation one.6- Phagocytic activity (%) of lactating rabbits: 84 Rabbits treated with different forms of fenugreek (G3, G4 & G5) were recorded significantly marked values (p<0.05) of phagocytic activity in both 1st and 2nd lactation period in comparison with both control groups. 7- Phagocytic index of lactating rabbits: Overall, fenugreek treated groups especially the oil treated one (G5) were showed highly significant values (p<0.05) of phagocytic index. 8- Neutrophils percent of lactating rabbits: The statistically significant (p<0.05) higher values of neutrophilis in fenugreek treated groups mainly during the 1st lactation period in correlation with both control groups (G1 & G2). 9- Lymphocyte percent of lactating rabbits: Fenugreek treated groups (G3, G4 & G5) recorded noticeable (p<0.05) lesser values of Lymphocyte in relative to both control groups (G1 & G2) during 1st and 2nd lactation periods. 10- Monocytes percent of lactating rabbits: Fenugreek seeds ingested group (G3) showed a marked (p<0.05) monocytes elevation relative to other groups during both 1st and 2nd lactation periods. 11- Eosinophils percent of lactating rabbits: Fenugreek seeds treated group (G3) was recorded an obvious rise (p<0.05) in eosinophilis in comparison with other groups during both 1st and 2nd lactation periods 12- Red blood corpuscles of lactating rabbits: 85 Generally, fenugreek seeds (G3) and germinated one (G4) treated groups were showed a significant elevation (p<0.05) in the RBCs relative to other groups during both 1st and 2nd lactation periods. 13- Packed cell volume of lactating rabbits: In general, lactating rabbits treated with fenugreek seeds (G3) and germinated one (G4) showed higher percentages of PCV compared to values of other groups during both 1st and 2nd lactation periods. 14- Hemoglobin concentration of lactating rabbits. Lactating rabbits administered fenugreek seeds (G3) and germinated one (G4) groups were recorded significant (p<0.05) higher values of Hb concentration particularly in 1st lactation period in comparison with other groups. 15- Mean corpuscular volume of lactating rabbits Differences in the values of the mean corpuscular volume recorded were insignificant between the tested groups either in the 1st lactation period or the 2nd lactation one. 16- Mean corpuscular hemoglobin of lactating rabbits: Fenugreek treated groups (G3, G4 & G5) recorded marked elevations in mean corpuscular hemoglobin (p<0.05) relative to both control groups (G1 & G2) chiefly in the 1st lactation period. 17- Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration of lactating rabbits: Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration values recorded a marked elevation (p<0.05) in fenugreek treated groups (G3, G4 & G5) relative to both control groups (G1 & G2). Such elevations were more pronounced in the 1st lactation period 86 18-Ultrasonography of mammary gland: a- Ultrasonographic representation of mammary gland cistern using 8 MHz linear probe of control group showing small anechoic region which represents the small size of mammary cistern. b- Ultrasonographic representation of mammary gland cistern using 4 MHz convex probe of control group showing small circular anechoic region which represents the small size of mammary cistern. c- Ultrasonographic representation of mammary gland cistern using 8 MHz linear probe of treated group showing large anechoic region which represents the large size of mammary cistern. d- Ultrasonographic representation of mammary gland cistern using 8 MHz linear probe of treated group showing large anechoic region which represents the large size of mammary cistern. (W 10.2 @ H 3.34). |