الفهرس 
COVEROnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 215 |  |  |
| | | from | 215 | | |
Abstract
This thesis was concerned with the microanalysis of some Non–Classical β-lactam antibiotics namely: meropenem and ertapenem. These drugs were liable to acid, alkaline and oxidative-degradation. It was of our interest to develop simple, sensitive, specific, selective and validated stability-indicating procedures for quantitative determination of the two selected drugs; either alone or in presence of their acid, alkaline and oxidative- degradates. The proposed procedures could be successfully applied for determination of the studied drugs in pure form, in laboratory prepared mixtures with different concentrations of their corresponding degradates and in pharmaceutical formulations. The obtained results of the proposed methods were statistically compared with those obtained by the official and compared methods for the studied drugs, respectively.
The thesis comprised six parts:
Part One: Introduction:-
This part was divided into two sections:-
Section A: General Introduction:-
This section gave a brief idea about β-lactam antibiotic drugs, their classes, microbial action of carbapenems and mechanism of action.
Section B: Literature Review:-
This section provided a presentation of the two studied drugs, structures, chemical properties, structure activity relationship and methods of analysis, mentioned in literature.
Part Two: Forced Degradation Studies of Meropenem and Ertapenem with Isolation and Characterization:-
In this part, studied drugs were subjected to alkaline and oxidative forced degradation. The preparation of degradates was stated under certain optimized conditions. Completion of degradation was confirmed by TLC and HPLC. The formed degradates were characterized and structurally elucidated by FTIR and GC/MS. Finally, alkaline and oxidative-degradation pathways were interpreted.
Part Three: Stability–Indicating Densitometric-TLC Method for Quantitative Determination of Meropenem and Ertapenem in Presence of their corresponding Oxidative-Degradates:-
In this part, we were concerned with quantitative determination of the studied drugs in presence of their oxidative-degradates at 254 nm. The optimum conditions of separation were determined.
Part Four: Stability–Indicating Derivative (Dn) and Derivative Ratio (DRn) Spectrophotometric Methods for Determination of Meropenem and Ertapenem in Presence of their Corresponding Degradates:-
In this part, a first derivative (D1) spectrophotometric method was described for quantitative determination of both meropenem in presence of its acid, alkaline, oxidative and mixture of (alkaline and oxidative)-degradates at 280, 315, 325 and 320 nm, respectively and ertapenem in presence of its oxidative-degradates at 324 nm.
Also, meropenem was determined in presence of its (alkaline and oxidative)-degradates using first derivative ratio (DR1) spectrophotometric method at 322 nm while ertapenem was determined in presence of its oxidative-degradates at 320 nm.
Part Five: Stability–Indicating Spectrofluorimetric Method for Determination of Meropenem and Ertapenem through Complex Formation with Cu 2+ in a Micelle - Enhanced Methanolic Media:-
In this part, a stability-indicating spectrofluorimetric method was developed for quantitative determination of meropenem and ertapenem in presence of their acid, alkaline and oxidative-degradates, through complex formation with metal ion namely Cu2+ in an organized methanolic media at λem of 445 nm while excited at λex of 352 nm. The optimum conditions for reaction formation were determined.
Part Six: Development of Different Analytical