الفهرس 
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Abstract
The social and sexual behaviour of one humped camels were
studied. Twenty one — humped balady mature camels (camelus
drornedarius), 10 males and 10 females aged from 5. to 7. years, with body weight ranged between 500-800 kg were used. The observation were carried out at the farm of Fac. of Vet. Medicine, Suez Canal Univ. Ismailia, Egypt, in the period between 199 1-1994. The results obtained can be summarized as follow: A- Social behaviour: The social behaviour of both male and female camels were recorded in nit and non rut seasons as follows: 1- The frequency of approach of male to female, follow, head threating, biting, fight, submission and social investigation were more higher significantly during rutting than non rutting period, (t=2.35, 3.02, 2.22, 2.71, 2.94 and 4.48,respectivelyatP~O.O5 for males and 7.30, 3.35, 3.29, 3.38, 3.41, 5.38 and 2.04 for theherd(bothmaleandfemale) P<0 .05, respectively. 2- Male camels were more standing significantly (543.11پ}59.54 minIl2
it) than females (468.33پ}26.82 min./12 h.) (P≤0.05) during rut and less resting time (182.44پ}57.47 min./12 h.) varies (252.5پ}16.5 min./12 h., P≤0.05) during this time. While, there was no difference in that time during non rut. 3- Both male and female camels went to the feeders in rut (24.71پ}4.22 time/i 2 h.) significantly more than during non rut time (19.10پ}4.56 time P<0.05). Also, drunk more frequently at the same period, (0.63پ}0.84 time, 1.2پ}0.83 time, P<0.05). While, the time of eating and drinking were more lower significantly during rut time (134.33پ}61 .35 min./12 h.) than for non rut time (183.10پ}50.9 rnin./12 h.) and drinking time was lower during rut than non rut time (52.38پ}22,31 min./12 h. and 75.56پ}18.85 rnin./12h., respectively). B- Sexual behaviour: 1- Male camels exhibited more significant sexual behaviour patterns during rut than non rut time. The bull—camel showed more frequency in exhibiting typical rutting posture, salivation, movement of tail and ease of handling during rut season than non nit one (P~0.05). j 2- The frequency of protrusion of gulla, making gurgling sound, exhibition of flehmen posture and the act of micturation by male camel were higher significantly (P≤0.05) during rut season than non
rut one. 3- The frequency of copulation by dominant male was more higher significantly (2.75پ}1.71 tinine/12h.) in harem group than the submissive one (0.38پ}0.70, P<0.05). While, there was no difference between dominant and submissive males in tied group. 4- Female camel showed more frequency dudng nit than in non nit tune, in the restlessness, vulvar swelling, appearance of mucous discharge and movement of tail (P~O.05) in both tied and non tied ~oup. 5- Also females showed higher frequency during rutting than non rutting time in standing near the male, allowing him to smell genitalia, making ~rnting sound and act of micifiration (P~0,0r) for both ~oup tied and non tied ones). C- Sex hormones and its relation to rut season: 1- The level of testosterone in males blood was changed from month to months. It was 3.25+0.44 ng!ml during nit while it was 1.37پ}0.14 ng/ml and P~0 .01) during non nit time. 2- There was a si~~ficant negative coffelation be~een the len~h of day and the level of testosterone of male camel blood, where the higher level of the honnone recorded in the shorter days (r= -0.82 and P<0 .05). 3- The estrogen level in females blood was higher significantly during rut season (44.16پ}4.57 pg/ml) than in the non nit season (16.61پ}1.18 pg/ml, P≤0.01). Also it varies from month to month.