الفهرس 
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Abstract
OPS are one of the most common causes of poisoning especially in developing countries with a high morbidity and mortality .As a mortality rate of OPSpoisoning is still high early diagnosis and appropriate treatment is often life saving .
of some of common OPS used in Egypt and their effects on different body systems.
The current study was performed on the sixty patients with acute and moderate OP poisoning admitted to the poison control center (PCC), Ain Shams University Hospitals. In addition to ten adult individuals who are chronically exposed to OPC. Those were classified into:
•Group A: include ten chronic individuals exposed occupationally to OPC.
•Group B: Moderate group, include patients moderately intoxicated by OPC.
•Group C: Sever group include patients severely intoxicated by OPC.
•Group D: Deceased group include cases who deceased by OPS toxicity.
In each patient the following were studied:
A- Sociodemographic data:
It included data regarding age, sex, education, occupation, social class, and residence.
B-Poisoning data:
Type of OP pesticide, form of poison, the mode of poisoning and route of exposure were analyzed.
C-Investigational parameters:
-Laboratory investigations:
Prior to treatment, blood samples were collected from each patient immediately after admission and before any medications were given.
Two samples, 1-milliliter arterial blood for blood gas analysis and three milliliters venous blood for biochemical and toxicological analysis, were collected from each patient as well as from the controls.
•Arterial blood gases analysis
•Serum glucose level
•Serum electrolytes
•Serum amylase activity
•Serum lipase activity
•Blood urea nitrogen
•Serum creatinine level
•Serum AST
•Serum ALT
Toxicological analysis:-
•Detection of some of OPC.
•Estimation of concentration of OPS in each sample.
•Pseudocholinestrase level.
The result of study were calculated and statistically analyzed.
Result:-
The highest incidence of OPS poisoning was found on age group 10-20 &30-40 years old and male were more exposed to ops than females .Majority of patients came from urban areas and the highest incidence was unemployed.
OPS toxicity in the majority of cases was mostly due to suicidal attempts and toxicity was predominantly by ingestion.
Most of suicidal patient were from low social class due to the unemployment issue, poverty and low literacy while most of chronic or accidental patient where farm worker.
OPS was in a mixed form in most of cases while the most common OPS found in single form was Malathion as it is widely available and are used as insecticides in agriculture and in the household and many OPS in the market are neither registered nor licensed.
Dimethoate has the most toxic effect among OPS found in the present study and has the highest mortality rate. Chloropyrofis was the most frequent OPS found in mixed form.
Hyperglycemia and hypokalemia were a common biochemical abnormality found in deceased, severely and moderately intoxicated patients.
Biochemical abnormalities of hyperamylasemia and isolated elevation of urea were found indeed and severely intoxicated patient.
Increased in creatinine, AST, ALT levels were found in deceased and severe group of patients.
Although pseudocholinestrase level had a valuable diagnostic value but it wasn’t helpful in predicting the severity of OP poisoning.
In occupational toxicity plasma cholinesterase level was within normal range.
Hypoxia, acidosis and hypercarbia were found in severe OP intoxicated patients due to inadequate oxygenation and ventilation secondary to respiratory failure.
Hematological abnormalities include Leukocytosis and decreased in hemoglobin level reported in severe, deceased and chronic cases due to activation of a defense mechanism and the immune system on intoxicated patient and alteration of biosynthesis of heme by different mechanism.
Significant increase in the concentration of OPS in deceased and severe groups than others groups found in the present study which mean strong correlation between a severity of cases and OPS concentration.
Weak correlation between level of pseudocholinestrase and OPS concentration reported the current study.