الفهرس 
INTRODUCTION
Diets compositionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Four experiments were conducted for different stage on red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.), using the research facilities of Shakshouk Fish Research Station, Fayoum Governorate, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Egypt. Red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) broodstock were obtained from Kelo 21 hatchery belonging to General Authority for Fish Resource Development (GAFRD). Alexandria-Egypt road. Larvae, fry, fingerlings and juvenile obtained from the experiment of hatchery and used in the following experiments.
The first trial: Effect of environmental conditions (outdoor ponds and indoor tanks) and diets on natural spawning of red hybrid tilapia brood stock.
The first trial was carried out to show some factors affecting on natural spawning with diets quality. Trial began on 1/7/2011 and ended on 13/11/2011 (132days). Initial weight of the broodstock was 334±50 g. The trial carried out in eight ponds. Four outdoor ponds, the water volume of each pond was 2.57 m3, the others four indoor tanks were made of fiberglass, the water volume of each tank was 1.68 m3. Nine broodstock were put in each pond and distributed by sex ratio (1:2, 3 male: 6 females) in the outdoor ponds, while Six broodstock were put in each pond and distributed by the same sex ratio in outdoor Ponds, but in ration of 2 males: 4 females, in this experiment stocking density was 3.5 fish/m3.
Tow diets 30% CP were used, the first (A) was contained on 1% palm pollen while the second diet (B) was without palm pollen, these diets were used in both outdoor ponds and indoor tanks, feeding rate was 1% of body weight.
The result revealed the following.
The results indicated that spawning process in the outdoor ponds were better than indoor tanks where the reproductive performance parameters were significantly (P≤0.05) with Fry/ Female, Fry/ Kg Female, Fry/ m². With regard to diets quality, diet (A), contain 1% palm pollen and diet (B), without palm pollen, the reproductive performance parameters insignificantly effect (P≤0.05) between diet (A) and diet (B) but the diet (A) was stimulating broodstock indoor and it was the best than diet (B). To evaluate the effect of interaction between environmental condition and diets quality on natural spawning, the reproductive performance parameters were significantly (P≤0.05) between diet (B) in outdoor and other treatments with Fry/ Female, Fry/ Kg Female, Fry/ m². The highest values noticed for fish fed diet (B) in outdoor ponds fallowed by that fed diet (A) in both outdoor and indoor, while the lowest value was recorded with fish fed diet (B) in indoor tanks, this may be to direct sunlight had influence on performance parameters.
The second trial: Effect of total fish meal protein (FM) replacement with plant protein (SBM) on growth and feed utilization of red hybrid tilapia, larvae, under condition allow in natural food growth.
The second trial was conducted to evaluate the effect total fish meal protein (FM) replacement with natural food viability for red hybrid tilapia larvae. The beginning of this trial was on 18/10/2011 until 2/12/2011 (45 days). Four rectangular concrete ponds were used under down plastic green house. The size of pond was 0.82 m³. 50 larvae were put in each pond with initial weight 9.9±0.2 mg and fed with tow diets, the first diet (D, 30% CP) contained 1/3 fish meal protein while the second diet (E, 30% CP) contained on only plant protein without amino acids supplementation. Feeding rate was 1g every day per each pond.
The result revealed the following.
The results cleared that significant difference (P<0.05) between treatments. Diet contain 30% only plant protein was better than that contain 1/3 fish meal protein in the diet content in (Final weight (W2), total gain (TG), daily gain (ADG) and there is no significant difference (P<0.05) between treatments in SGR %. But the difference between SR% was significant (P≤0.05), it was the best with diet (D) which contain 1/3 fish meal protein. FCR for larvae fed on diet (E) was the better than larvae fed on diet (D).
The third trial: Effect of total fish meal protein (FM) replacement with plant protein (SBM) on growth and feed utilization of red tilapia, fry and fingerlings.
The third trial was conducted on fry and fingerlings to study the effect total fish meal protein (FM) replacement on growth performance and feed utilization. Trial began on 23/9/2011 and ended on 2/12/2011, (70 days). The fry used in this experiment were taken from the experience of spawning. The experimental treatments were duplicated (four concrete ponds inside Lab) and stocked at 15 fry per each pond with initial average weight (W1) 0.627±0.05 g, fry were fed on two diets. The first diet (F, 25.2% CP) 1/3 of diet protein was fish meal protein while the second diet was from only plant protein and without free amino acids (G, 25% CP). The size for pond was 0.81m³. Feeding rates were 4% of body weight.
Trial of fingerlings was as the same mentioned in the third trial of fry, but the average of primary weight was 2.1±0.2 g/fish.
The result revealed the following.
The results cleared that significant (P≤0.05) between tow diets 25% CP. Diet (F) 1/3 fish meal protein was better than diet (G) plant protein) on final weight (W2), total gain (TG), SGR% and FCR. Results show also significant differences (P≤0.05) were obtained in DM, CP, ash and GE of body composition at the end of the experimental period, while EE had not significant differences.
The fourth trial: Effect of feeding halt and Effect of total fish meal protein (FM) replacement with plant protein (SBM) on growth and feed utilization of red hybrid tilapia, Juvenile.
Trial began on 23/9/2011 and ended on 2/12/2011 (70 days). Three treatment conducted the first without feeding and the second treatment juvenile were fed on a diet (25.2% CP) formulated to contain 1/3 of its protein was from fish meal (diet G) while the third treatment (diet F) contained (25% CP) only plant protein without free amino acids. This trial was conducted in six rectangular concrete ponds. The size for pond 0.81m³. Each dietary treatment was carried out in duplicates. The initial weight (W1) of the juvenile was 24.77 ± 1.0 g. The experimental diets were fed three times daily at a daily rate 4 % of body weight. The experimental ponds were stocked with seven fish each.
The result revealed the following.
The fourth trial was conducted on juvenile to natural likeness under Qaroun lake condition, in the first treatment which no feeding and to evaluate the effect total fish meal protein (FM) replacement for second and third treatment, the second was fed diet 25% (F), 1/3 fish meal protein while the third treatment was fed on diet 25% (G), plant protein. The results cleared significant differences (P≤0.05) between the first both second and third treatments on final weight (W2), total gain (TG) but SGR% was no significant (P≤0.05) between treatments. The second treatment was the best followed the third while the first treatment was the lowest. Also the results cleared that no significant (P≤0.05) between the second and the third treatment on FCR. Significant (P≤0.05) differences were obtained in DM, CP, EE, Ash and GE of body composition at the end of the experimental period.
Finally this study cleared that natural spawning in outdoor was better than natural spawning in the indoor tanks. Pollen palm grain was more affecting in the indoor natural spawning where, diet (A) was better than diet (B). The diets were contained on 1/3 fish meal protein was better than plant protein diets for larvae SR% and final weight (W2), total gain (TG), SGR% and FCR for fry, fingerlings and juvenile.
Despite of significant differences between the diets that contained 1/3 fish meal protein and the diet that contained only plant protein, the growth performance and the feeding utilization was nearly the same. So plant protein can be used with the advantage to decrease diet cost.