الفهرس 
ORAL CAVITYOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
T
he oral cavity of healthy individuals contains hundreds of different bacterial, viral, and fungal species. Many of these can associate to form biofilms, which are resistant to mechanical stress or antibiotic treatment.
Infections from oral cavity can arise from odontogenic source (common in adults), from tonsil and lymphoid sources (common in children). The microbiological profile of infections arising from either of these sources are different calling for a difference in the treatment modality followed.
Dental instruments are designed to be used by the dentist and staff during dental care. Instruments aid in the assessment and treatment of dental disease. Each is designed for a specific purpose.
The dental health-care settings is an environment where disease transmission occurs easily. Prevention of cross infection is therefore a crucial aspect of dental practice and dental clinic stuff must adopt certain basic routines while practicing.
Infections may be transmitted in the dental operatory through direct contact with blood, oral fluids or other secretions; via indirect contact with contaminated instruments, equipment or environmental surfaces; or by contact with airborne contaminants present in either DROPlet splatter or aerosols of oral and respiratory fluids.
A wide variety of disinfectants agents are used to destroy microorganisms and they differ greatly in their toxic effects. Most disinfectants can conveniently be grouped into a few categories, some of which are also represented in other classes of pesticides.
The activity of germicides against microorganisms depends on a number of factors, some of which are intrinsic qualities of the organism, others of which are the chemical and external physical environment. Awareness of these factors should lead to better use of disinfection and sterilization processes and will be briefly reviewed.
The goal of a dental infection-control program is to provide a safe working environment that will reduce the risk of health-care--associated infections among patients and occupational exposures among DHCP. Medical errors are caused by faulty systems, processes, and conditions that lead persons to make mistakes or fail to prevent errors being made by others. Effective program evaluation is a systematic way to ensure procedures are useful, feasible, ethical, and accurate.
Examples of infection-control program evaluation activities are compromise (General recommendations, Education and training, Immunization programs, maintenance and disinfection of dental instruments, Exposure prevention and postexposure management, Medical conditions, work-related illness, and work restrictions, Records maintenance, data management, and confidentiality).
Strategies to prevent dental patient infections have focused on disinfection and sterilization. This study compared the antimicrobial and sporicidal activities of 2% alkaline glutaraldehyde and hydrogen peroxide compound for disinfection of dental instruments after contamination with references isolates (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 11 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 9372) and after using in dental clinic of Al-demerdash Hospital after exposure time of 5 & 10 min. on each dental instrument.
We found that 2% alkaline glutaraldehyde is more effective than 10% Hydrogen peroxide on the tested organisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Bacillus subtilis) after 10 min. of exposure to disinfectant with statistically significant difference.