الفهرس 
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Abstract
In the Caspian basin, saline-dome common geological structures. They are genetically related explored and developed oil and gas deposits that were formed in the strata, sedimentary rocks as cover and the underlying salt body. The appearance of these structures geologists associated with the action of gravitational forces; when initially pasty overlie lighter salt rock climbing, introduced in the overlying layer of sedimentary rock in the form of salt domes, trees and their complexes. The driving force of these processes is the force of attraction of the Earth, ie salt body (salt) rises in the Taylor instability. Under natural conditions, solid crystalline salt body - a long constant load behaves as a very viscous incompressible fluid and deformed without breaking. Since the real environment consists of three layers, simulating lean breed thick, salt body and underlying strata, the coefficients in the equations of momentum piecewise continuous, with the gap in the points they can take both small and too large. During the development of mineral resources to the active development of salt domes (arrays), together with increased development pressure on all the deeper parts of the lithosphere, the emergence of a number of industrial accidents and geological processes and contribute to the salt-rock, which have recently been studied enough and whose role is clearly underestimated in choice of methods of opening and mining. Autopsy subsalt fields traversed the salt wells thicker make frequent destruction of boreholes by their bearing and sections of casing and tubing pipes kompresornyh, resulting in the need for frequent repairs, lower productivity, and environmental pollution. Therefore the thesis related to the choice of ways of opening pre-salt oil fields with the processes of the formation mechanism of salt dome structures is akualnoy. The purpose of the research The aim is to study the mechanism of formation of salt traps oil and selection of effective ways to develop them. Research objectives for achieving the goal had the following research objectives: 1. An analysis of the literature on the study of structures and mechanisms for the formation of salt dome traps of oil and the development of existing methods of pre-salt oil fields; 2. Examine the existing theoretical foundations and ground possible forms of education salt traps oil depending on the influencing factors. 3. Justify a set of criteria influencing the choice of how to develop oil fields in the subsalt structures and develop a method to select the most effective way of opening and operation of subsalt oil fields; 4. Develop innovative ways of opening and development of pre-salt oil fields and justify the most effective way of opening and development of the Kashagan field.
Methods of Research, For the solution of a number of tasks selected comprehensive research method comprising: an analytical review of existing methods for studying the mechanism of the formation of salt-dome structures for establishing and specifying the tasks of research, substantiated mechanism of salt domes in the two-layer medium, ”rock-salt” according to the literature of experimental studies; assessment of the impact of various factors on the mechanism of salt traps oil educational Assessment of
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possible forms of salt domes according to mathematical modeling and the development of innovative prrfilya revealing the well with the distribution of stresses in the salt strata. Scientific positions to be defended 1. Forming the salt dome traps oil dome sizes are a function of the physical and mechanical and rheological properties as well as the bulk salt and array sizes of rocks involved in the process and have a mushroom doming, ring-shaped and lenticular shape. 2. Mathematical models describing the process of pre-salt oil traps can be used to select the location and profile of revealing the production with the sustainability of wells during their operation. 3. For efficient and environmentally sound development of pre-salt oil deposits on the flanks of salt domes autopsy should be performed wells «J» bar and hold them in an array of rocks outside the shear stresses in the salt formation, and subsalt Kashagan open wells not crossing the salt array and passed from mine mining, using a specially designed artificial islands. Scientific innovation -First the mathematical model of a flat 2-layer highly viscous incompressible fluid with the surface layers of density distribution in the gravity field and enclosed in a rectangular area. - The first time that the evolution of the interface layers in the gravitational instability depends on the conditions and hard slip clutch respectively in the vertical and horizontal borders. - Salt domes are ideal traps for oil and for the first time invited to the opening and development of lead using the «J» shaped profile with the sustainability of wells during their operation. In the first chapter we studing the analysis of references studying the mechanism and structure of salt-dome formation and the ways of development of oilfields, sub-salt oil and gas fields in Kazakhstan, the analysis of researches that studying structures and the mechanism of salt-dome formation, and regularities of the formation mechanism of salt structures. In the second chapter we studing theoretical bases of the mechanism of salt-dome formation, assessment of the influence of various factors on the mechanism of the oil salt traps, numerical research of the mechanism of salt-dome formation in geological structures depending on the geometrical sizes of area, and assessment of studing of the possible forms of salt-domes In the third chapter we studing backgrounds of the possible ways of development sub-salt of the oil and gas fields, study of the stress-strain state of salt dome structures, the ways of development of the opening sub-salt deposits, rationale for the choice of effective methods to develop subsalt deposits and evaluation of some indicators of environmental criteria for selecting effective way to develop pre-salt fields in the Kashagan field as example.