الفهرس 
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Abstract
Contrast-induced nephropathy is a common and potentially serious complication after the administration of contrast media in patients at risk for acute renal injury (particularly when diabetes is present).
The presence of multiple CIN risk factors in the same patient can create a very high risk for CIN.
Creatinine Clearance (CCr) using Cockroft-Gault formula is a more reliable indicator of the patient’s glomerular filtration rate than serum creatinine alone.
A creatinine clearance rate <75.11 ml/min had a sensitivity of 90.52%
and specificity 89.63% for predicting contrast nephropathy.
Slight changes in serum creatinine 12 hrs. Post procedure predicts the occurrence of contrast-induced nephropathy without adding additional cost or time to routine practice.
For intra-arterial administration of contrast in high-risk patients with chronic kidney disease, non-ionic, iso-osmolar agents are associated with lower risk of contrast-induced nephropathy.
Higher contrast volumes (> 100 ml) are associated with higher rates of CIN.
No adjunctive medical or mechanical treatment has been proven to effectively reduce the risk of CIN after exposure to iodinated contrast.