الفهرس 
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Abstract
Process integration techniques have been increasingly employed in the chemical or petroleum processes and allied industries to realize conservation of heat energy and reductions in utility requirements, energy consumption, and cost per unit of production. Efficient heat integration can be achieved by synthesizing optimal and practical heat exchanger networks (HEN) and, more recently, to minimize wastes. Industrial practice has evidently shown, however, that improper integration can .cause various operational problems that may make anticipated economic and environmental goals unachievable. Consequently, to ensure successful process integration, an integrated process must be structurally highly controllable. This industrial demand has activated a very promising research field; the integration of process design and control.
Heat exchanger networks are widely employed in the chemical processing industries resulting in reduced operating costs. Several methodologies can be found in the literature for the optimal design of heat exchanger networks. Typical optimal criteria are of maximum energy recovery and minimum heat-transfer area.
The present work is divided into three parts, the first part included grass-root design of heat exchanger network based upon pinch technique, which has been evolved as energy -saving technique, presents simple and easy ways of optimization based on thermodynamic rules.
It relies on two steps, energy supertargeting step, which is based on capital/energy trade-off, generating the optimum value of the minimum approach temperature (L’1Tnun), at which the total annual cost is minimum .This value (L’1Tmin) fixes the amount ofutili~’ saving and predicts the amount of heat exchanger area required. And in the second step, design step, the pinch design method (PDM) is followed to generate a maximum energy recovery (MER) network that meets the energy targeting. Three case studies from literature were used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach in terms.