الفهرس 
Pharmacological Classification of AntidotesOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In this study, review of recent trends in antidotal therapy for mangment of critically ill poisoned patient is being discussed with special attention to evedince based medication regarding theraputic intervention. .
The challenges to effective evaluation and management of a patient poisoned by drugs and pharmaceuticals are diverse. The circumstances surrounding exposure are often incompletely accessible.
Poisoning signs or symptoms may be subtle or delayed. Patient-specific factors – pharmacogenetics and unique susceptibilities, drug-drug interactions, cultural or geographic practices, and underlying co- morbidities may complicate presentation, response to treatment, and outcome.
Poisoning emergencies commonly present to emergency departments. The clinical effects encountered in poisoned patients are dependent on numerous variables, such as the dose, the length of exposure time, and the pre-existing health of the patient.
If poisoning is recognized early and appropriate supportive care is initiated rapidly, the majority of patient outcomes will be good.
Although most poisonings are managed primarily with appropriate supportive care, there are several specific antidote agents that may be employed.
Xenobiotics are compounds that are foreign to a living system. Xenobiotic toxins injure living organisms by interfering with critical metabolic processes, by causing structural damage to cells, or by altering the cellular genetic material.
The pharmacokinetic movement of a xenobiotic through the human body can be described in terms of pharmacokinetics; absorption, distribution, and elimination. Toxicokinetics describes the absorption, distribution, and elimination of xenobiotics at doses capable of producing clinical toxicity.
Very few antidotes, however, are used on a consistent basis in the management of poisoned victims. The indiscriminate use of antidotes may even be harmful to the patient and incur an inordinate expense.
In addition to the commonly known antidotes; N-acetylcysteine for acetaminophen, naloxone for opioids and flumazenil for benzodiazepines,new antidotes include fomepizole to treat ethylene glycol and methanol poisoning, parlidoxime to treat organophosphorus poisoning, lipid emulsion to treat local anaethetics toxicity.