الفهرس 
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Conservation tillage „Tactices, which Includebecoming more widely spread due to their effectiveness in reducing energy requirement,
and in conserving moisture in arid area Strip tillage, as a component of minimum tillage, may be a viable management technique for Egyptian Agriculture. Farmers in Egypt need enhance
to adopt this method to decrease fuel consumption, improve soil structure and fertility, m strip till- g system under environment for soil microorganisms, and maximize yield. Developlantin ent of a Egyptian conditions was investigated in this study.
p
Three prototypes of a single unit till-plantin s
under soil bin, and field conditions. Data were g ystem were fabricated , and tested
collected for
degree of soil loosenin draft, soil mean weight
seedlin
diameter g, vertical separation between seed and fertilizer, and
compaction. g emergence at different levels of speeds, depths, soil moisture, and soil
Triaxial tests were conducted to measure soil shear strength parameters which used in theoretical soil cohesion (C), and angle of internal friction (0). The results of these tests were
analysis to predict draft for individual c
under soil bincomponents of till- plantinnable with the g unit conditions. Theoretical results indicated that there was a reaso
agreement in the values of the absolute velocity angle of coulter resulted fro m tests, and Predicted predicted values at different depths, and at various levels of soil
draft for plow share moisture content,
forms, and packer wheel configurations showed similar
trends as measured draft
Two parameters were used to evaluate the tillage quality of the three till-planting
units under this study. These included the degree of soil loosening, and the soil mean weight diameter. Unit one resulted in the highest values of the degree of soil loosening followed by unit three, and unit two, respectively. However, the lowest values of the soil mean weight diameter were obtained with unit three, and there was no significant difference in the soil mean weight diameter between unit one and unit two.
Unit two resulted in the highest values for the power per unit operating depth, the
distance between seed and fertilizer, and seedling emergence followed by unit one, and unit three, respectively.
The soil bin results showed an agreement with the field results for all measurements under this study. This indicated that the data from soil bin tests could be considered as a good indicator for estimation of parameters under field conditions. This approach would avoid the need for field tests in designing and improving tillage tools.
Based on soil bin, and field tests, the following components of till-planting unit would be beneficial for Egyptian conditions;
•Double rolling coulters to limit the row cultivation to a strip of 150 mm width.
•Sweep share to till a strip of soil and add the fertilizer at the bottom of the furrow by using a granular fertilizer tube.
•Packer wheel with bars to provide a soil covers between the fertilizer and seed, and to break-up of large clods for improving seedbed.
•Single disc opener with closing system to place the seed at proper depth, covers the seed, and packs the furrow.
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