الفهرس 
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Abstract
Surveillance of the existence of avian influenza virus in poultry is essential in understanding its epidemiology and potential zoonosis. Point surveillance was done from May 2009 and July 2010. There were 5671 samples processed in the laboratory including tracheal and cloacal swabs were tested in the laboratory. 305 samples were positive for avian influenza infection and all samples were positive against H5 subtyping resulting. Partial sequencing revealed that all samples were multibasic amino acid which indicate that avian influenza were circulating in Egypt were HPAI H5N1 strains. And the our result confirm the identity subtyping of the causative virus for the epidemic in Egypt is H5 only and not found other subtypes were circulating in Egypt or no co infection with other subtypes H7and H9. Our surveillance was conducted in six different Egyptian governorates and collated samples from different species of poultry, which the chickens broiler were high rate of infection and the virus have rate of transmission in autumn, winter and spring than summer. Positive samples were propagated in SPF and conducted to determine antigenic variation using 8 panels of MAB and sequencing to understanding phylogenetic relationships among isolates and representative subtypes. Thus, sustained viral surveillance, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analyses of current HPAIV H5N1 are necessary to recognize newly emerging influenza variants and to monitor the spread of these viruses. comparison of circulating strain with vaccinal seed strain that can help in development of proper vaccine.