الفهرس 
Anemia in CKDOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Sixty patients (60) had been randomly recuited from those admitted in Ain Shams University Hospitals.
Criteria of patients selected: each non diabetic stage 3,4 and 5 CKD patient not undergoing regular dialysis admitted in Ain Shams University Hospitals except those with exclusion criteria on admission.
Exclusion criteria:
4) Diabetic Patients.
5) Patients undergoing dialysis.
6) Patients not willing to participate
7) Patients with acute renal insufficiency
5) Other causes of anemia other than renal diseases.
6) Patients less than 16 years old.
The patients were classified into two groups, depending on the presence or absence of CKD:
group I (Control group) composed of 25 patients (29.41%) (13 males –12 females) and group 2 (Patients group) composed of 60 patients (70.58%) (29males –31females).
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as the presence of kidney damage present for a period of greater than 3 months. Kidney damage can be evident from urinalysis, imaging tests, or by measurement or estimation of level of kidney function. In general, levels of kidney function as estimated or measured by GFR of < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 are considered abnormal in all adults, and levels > 60 ml/min/ 1.73 m2 are abnormal if accompanied by abnormalities of urine sediment, abnormal
imaging tests or if the patient has a kidney biopsy with documented abnormalities.( Levin A, et al2008)
To all patients who participated in this study the following had been done:
1- Thorough history taking.
2- Complete clinical examination.
3- Investigations: For all patients admitted to the study, blood and urine samples had been collected and complete blood picture with indices, blood urea, serum creatinine, random blood sugar ,urine examination and inflammatory markers (interleukin.1 and high-sensitive C-reactive protein ) were measured. And for patient group iron metabolism indices, electrolyte levels, urine protein to creatinine ratio, serum uric acid, estimated glomerular filteration rate by MDRD equation and abdomino – pelvic ultrasound were also measured .