الفهرس 
جولوجيا منطقه الدراسهيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
Safaga area is located at the western coast of the red sea south to
Hurghada by about 63km. It is limited between latitudes 26o 32` 14`` and
26o 44` 26`` northerly and between longitudes 33o 30` and 34o 1` 54``
easterly, so it occupies the eastern part of the central portion of eastern
desert. Its area is 1076 square kilo meters.
The borders of the area are characterized by a number of
indentations due to the presence of high mountainous tops from the north,
west and south, and the protrusion of a number of marine headlands,
coves and bays at the coast to the west.
The studied area is composed of geological constructions which
belong to pre-Cambrian time , passing through to Holocene.
So its stones are varied from igneous, sedimentary and metaformed
varieties. It is also characterized by a complex geological built which is
represented in fractures which had cut its surface during tectonic motions
associated with the evolution of red sea bay and accompanied with many
dams and igneous dykes that are present at the sides of the area’s wadis.
Besides to joints which are present in all types of stones in the area and
their directions are western- north and eastern – south. It can be said that
the joints in the area are the echo of tectonic motions that had been
affected the area and had lead to the formation of faults i.e. they are
evolved after the formation of the area’s stones.
The coastal plain in the area is considered the narrowest part of the
red sea coastal plain in Egypt because the faulted edge is more near to the
coast leaving a narrow ribbon covered by marshes. The most wide part of
the coastal plain lies in front of Wadi Safaga and contour line 200 and it
attains 11.5 km.
The length of the coastal plain in the area is 27.7 km and the line of
the coast is straight except from a few number of serrations and simple
indentations which had been resulted of marine erosion and deposition
near the area’s shore. Marine spits and deposition bars are seen like
Safaga spit, also there are marine headlands and bays ,of which the most
important are El- Barud and Gasus headlands, Safaga and Gasus bays.
Also, one of the characteristics of coastal plain in the area is the
presence of iostatic marine landforms that represent marine scintillations
during quaternary time. Also coral reefs surround the coast as long as
24km due to preponderance of all required circumstances for the growth
of coral poluses.
The surface of the area is cut by a group of dry wadis that originates
at the high mountains of the red sea and the less higher hills to the west
which end in the red sea to the east ; they are from north to south, abu
Assala, Naghara, Om Offan, Abu Ossiabat, Safaga and Gasus.
This thesis consists of one part that includes the body, the maps,
the tables, figures and photos. The body has six chapters preceded by an
introduction and is followed by a closing chapter that demonstrates the
most important results of the thesis then the appendixes and at last a list
of Arabic and foreign languages references.
The first chapter deals with geology of the studied area and
consists of three parts, the first deals with stone construction and
stratigraphy of constructures of the area starting from Precambrian time
and through old, middle and recent times. Part two demonstrates the
geological built in light of studying fractures, folds and joints. Lastly, part
three deals with geological history of the area from pre-camberian time to
Holocene.
Chapter two discusses the geomorphology of the slopes in three
parts. The first part studies the geomorphological characters of the area’s
slopes in light of analysis of contour map by the use of methods of
analysis which are represented in the rate of topographic heights map and
slope rate maps to know whether the general characters of the surface is
sloped or equated this is followed by the geographic distribution of
constructural sections taken from contour map which are represented in
coastal slopes sections and sides of wadis sections. The second part deals
with analysis of these sections via analysis of angles of sloping and
analysis of rates of arcuations, and lastly studying the shape of the
dominant slopes in the area by clarifying the role of geological factors
and geomorphological factors and processes that afflict its formation.
The third chapter deals with the coastal plain studying the physical
characters of the coastal line, characters of red sea water and marine
erosion factors which have a great effect in the formulation of most
coastal plain phenomena. This is followed by studying phenomena which
had resulted from marine erosion and deposition, and lastly studying
phenomena which are due to the change in the level of the base.
Chapter four deals with the morphometeric analysis of the draining
basins in the studied area and it includes three parts. The first part,
concentrates on the analysis of basin’s lengths widths, areas, its
morphologic and topographic characters by the use of different numbers
of morphometric formulae, and studying the correlative relations between
these characters.The third part deals with methods of drainage systems in
the area.
Chapter five discuses the analysis of geomorphological map of the
area to give a clear and simple idea about the geomorphological forms in
the area, this chapter consists of three parts. The first part studies the
constructural forms which are represented in fractured ridges , cuestas
and igneous dyke bars. The second part deals with the forms resulted
from river erosion of most importance is the network of dry wadis that is
studied by analysis of widths and lengths sections of different wadis and
the observation of river erosion phenomena, also studying the eroded
surfaces, then studying the resulted phenomena of fluvial deposition as
fluvial beds at wadis’ sides. Also studying internal drainage basins and
piedement surface and lastly studying aeolian deposition which is
represented in sand shadows.
Chapter six deals with the developmental abilities in the area in
light of physical and human elements available and the important fields of
development in the area and its impedances and the problems related to
them.
The thesis ends by a general closing chapter that summarizes the
important results which the student has concluded from the chapters of
the thesis.