الفهرس 
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Abstract
The radiation exposure one of the risk factors of cancer, especially in the field of
medical diagnostic and treatments, in addition to the daily exposures of radiation;
industrial, large number of atomic radiation, the increased spread of car exhaust,
smoking, stress and unhealthy eating. Also, the consequent increase in the oxidation
process in the body and the production of free radicals, leading to disruption of
operations, damage of vital tissues and the occurrence of mutations, which in turn lead to
organ failure and then death or a growth of abnormal cells or so-called cancer. The body’s
daily compensation tissues and damaged cells, where Allah creating in our bodies the
necessary defensive methods, which resist harmful these radicals and protect us from
dangers, such as enzymes, antioxidants, including (glutathione, glutathione peroxidase,
super oxide dismutase, and catalase) and the immune system. But, if the speed of the
formation of free radicals more than the body’s energy defense speed, the body is unable
to defense and protect the tissue from the danger.
Therefore, the need to identify substances that have the ability to curb and protect the
tissues from damage induced by free radicals is a great need in the fields of radiation
exposure, especially in the medical field. The natural compounds of plant especially
phenolic compounds, flavonoids, some minerals as zinc and some vitamins of the most
important compounds that play a major role in radioprotectors field specially in
radiotherapy. Para-coumaric acids and caffeic acids are natural secondary metabolite
compounds to phenolic cinnamic acid, which are used in this area largely, it act as antioxidant,
immune system stimulate and anti-cancer. However, the effective impact of
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these compounds and the natural compounds generally are little, because the molecules
size are large, metabolite slowly and poorly transported across the cell membrane, so the
number of molecules that reaching the cell to perform effective role are small and also it
causes some side effects as a result of the accumulation of molecules on the cell
membrane, in addition to the acids have some adverse effects on the stomach and the
process of absorption.
Therefore, the study aimed to assess the potential role of protective and therapeutic
impact of Para-coumaric acid and caffeic acid in nano particles form, removal the acid
and adding zinc metal to become the new compound name; Zinc Coumarate Nano
Particles (ZnCoum.NPs) and Zinc Caffeiate Nano Particles (ZnCaf.NPs), were given to
rats by intraperitoneal injection at a concentration of 5 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg body weight
respectively, for 7 successive days, post irradiation for (ZnCoum.NPs + ZnCaf.NPs) and
[(ZnCoum.NPs + ZnCaf.NPs) + Irradiated] groups and for 30 successive days for
(ZnCoum.NPs + ZnCaf.NPs), [(ZnCoum.NPs + ZnCaf.NPs) + Irradiated] and [Irradiated
+ (ZnCoum.NPs + ZnCaf.NPs)] groups, against whole body -irradiation with a dose of
3Gy, 4 times, every week up to 12 Gy, through the study of biochemical changes that
occur in the activity of liver enzymes, antioxidants, oxidation of fat, and kidney function,
and the concentration of free radical, DNA fragmentation, CD4 cell and CD8 cell percent,
phases of cell cycle and histologic changes of liver cells.
Animals were divided into five main groups, each group divided into four subgroups
according to fractionated doses.
Group I (24 rats): (Control) Non-irradiated, non-treated normal control rats.
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Group II (24 rats): (ZnCoum.NPs + ZnCaf.NPs) Non-irradiated, rats treated with Zinc
coumarate nano particles (ZnCoum.NPs) and Zinc caffeiate nano particles (ZnCaf.NPs).
Group III (35 rats): (Irradiated group), Rats were exposed to whole body -radiation,
3Gy every week for four weeks.
Group IV (24 rats): [(ZnCoum.NPs + ZnCaf.NPs) + Irradiated], Rats were injected with
ZCoNPs + ZCaNPs on seven consecutive days, then subjected to whole-body gamma
radiation 3Gy every week for four weeks, 20 minutes after the last dose of ZnCoum.NPs
+ ZnCaf.NPs injection.
Group V (24 rats): [Irradiated + (ZnCoum.NPs + ZnCaf.NPs)], Rats were subjected to
whole-body -radiation, 3Gy every week for four weeks, then injected with ZnCoum.NPs
+ ZnCaf.NPs.
The results of this study explained that the dosing rats by gamma rays led to the
decrease evident in the percentage of body weight compared to normal control, this has
been attributed to the toxic effects of gamma rays on the organs of the body but with the
treatment with ZnCoum.NPs and ZnCaf.NPs, it can protective animals from damage
compared to normal control.
It was noted that the level of lipid peroxidation in the blood of rats exposed to
gamma rays has increased significantly compared to normal group accompanied by a
decrease in the level of glutathione and glutathione peroxidase as well as superoxide
dismutase and catalase in blood, and white and red blood cells, platelets and the level of
hemoglobin in the complete blood count, also found that there is an increase in enzymes
activity of alanine aminotransferas, aspartate aminotransferase, the level of albumin,
creatinine, urea,.