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Abstract Pregnancy is associated with physiologic changes that result in increased plasma volume and red blood cells. these physiologic changes can be aggravated by under nutrition, leading to micronutrient deficiency states, such as anemia, that can have disastrous consequences for both mothers and newborn infants. (American Society for Clinical Nutrition, 2000). Many of the 200 million women who become pregnant each year, most of them in developing countries, suffer from both ongoing nutrition deficiencies and the long term cumulative consequences of under nutrition during childhood . Poor health and nutrition with repeated, pregnancies progressively reduce women’s nutritional reserves to the point of nutritional depletion known as the maternal depletion syndrome. (Penelope, 2000). |